Fluoronium
The fluoronium ion is an inorganic cation with the chemical formula H
2F+
. It is one of the cations found in fluoroantimonic acid.[1] The structure of the salt with the Sb
2F−
11 anion, has been determined.[2][3] The fluoronium ion is isoelectronic with the water molecule and the azanide ion.
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| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Fluoronium | |||
| Systematic IUPAC name
Fluoranium | |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) |
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| Properties | |||
| H2F+ | |||
| Molar mass | 21.01374 g mol−1 | ||
| Conjugate base | Hydrogen fluoride | ||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
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| Infobox references | |||
The term can also refer to organyl substituted species of type H–F+–R, R–F+–R, or R2C=F+. In contrast to the heavier halogens, which have long been known to form open-chain halonium ions (e.g., Me2X+SbF6–) as well as cyclic haliranium ions, fluorine was not believed to form fluoronium ions of type R–F+–R until the recent characterization of a fluoronium ion locked in a designed cage structure by Lectka and coworkers.[4]
References
A Cs-symmetrical fluoronium ion characterized by Lectka and coworkers
- Esteves, Pierre M.; Ramírez-Solís, Alejandro; Mota, Claudio J. A. (March 2002). "The Nature of Superacid Electrophilic Species in HF/SbF5: A Density Functional Theory Study". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 124 (11): 2672–2677. doi:10.1021/ja011151k. ISSN 0002-7863. PMID 11890818.
- Mootz, Dietrich; Bartmann, Klemens (1988). "The Fluoronium Ions H2F+ and H3F2+: Characterization by Crystal Structure Analysis". Angewandte Chemie. 27 (3): 391–392. doi:10.1002/anie.198803911.
- Diercksen, G. H. F.; von Niessen, W.; Kraemer, W. P. (1973). "SCF LCGO MO studies on the fluoronium ion FH+
2 and its hydrogen bonding interaction with hydrogen fluoride FH". Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, and Modeling (Theoretica Chimica Acta). 31 (3): 205–214. doi:10.1007/BF00526510. - Pitts, Cody Ross; Holl, Maxwell Gargiulo; Lectka, Thomas (2018-02-12). "Spectroscopic Characterization of a [C−F−C] + Fluoronium Ion in Solution". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 57 (7): 1924–1927. doi:10.1002/anie.201712021.
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