French ship Achille (1803)

Achille was a Téméraire-class 74-gun French ship of the line built at Rochefort in 1803 after plans by Jacques-Noël Sané.

For other ships with the same name, see French ship Achille.
Scale model on display at the Musée de la Marine in Paris
History
France
Name: Achille
Namesake: Achilles
Builder: Rochefort
Laid down: 1803
Fate: Sunk, 21 October 1805
General characteristics [1]
Class and type: Téméraire-class ship of the line
Displacement:
  • 2,966 tonnes
  • 5,260 tonnes fully loaded
Length: 55.87 metres (183.3 ft) (172 pied)
Beam: 14.90 metres (48 ft 11 in)
Draught: 7.26 metres (23.8 ft) (22 pied)
Propulsion: Up to 2,485 m2 (26,750 sq ft) of sails
Armament:
Armour: Timber

Under the command of Captain Louis Gabriel Deniéport, she sailed at the vanguard of the French Fleet on 20 October 1805, just before the Battle of Trafalgar, and she was the first Franco-Spanish ship to sight the English fleet, around 6 p.m.

The next day, at the Battle of Trafalgar, the Franco-Spanish fleet veered to form a line of battle, and Achille found herself at the rear of the line. At the start of the battle she joined Aigle, Neptune and Fougueux, in engaging the second ship in the British lee column, HMS Belleisle. Belleisle was soon completely dismasted, unable to manoeuvre and largely unable to fight, as her sails blinded her batteries, but kept flying her flag for 45 minutes until the other British ships behind her in the column came to her rescue.

As San Ildefonso surrendered to HMS Defence, Deniéport took advantage of a light wind to attempt to fill the gap in the line. She then found herself trapped between HMS Defiance and HMS Dreadnought, losing all of her rigging save for her lower masts.

At 1:00 p.m, Ensign Arley was killed, followed around 1:30 by the first officer, Commander Montalembert. Captain Deniéport had his leg partly shot off at 2:30, and was killed shortly after refusing to leave his station. With most officers incapacitated, command went to Ensign Jouan, who was killed after 15 minutes. He was replaced by Ensign Cauchard.

By this time Achille was slowly sinking, but still managed to cut off Dreadnought's main-mast and fore-mast. At 4:00, HMS Prince joined in. After 15 minutes, a fire broke out in Achille's mizzen top. The next broadside against her brought her blazing main mast down, engulfing the ship in flames. Knowing that her opponent's fate was sealed, Richard Grindall, the Prince's captain, ceased firing and wore round to clear Achille before placing boats in the water to rescue the French seamen, as Achille's crew attempted to abandon ship. This proved hazardous as Achille's abandoned but loaded guns were set off by the intense heat now raging below decks. 158 French sailors were saved.

The fires eventually reached her magazine and she blew up spectacularly at 5:45 p.m., taking 480 with her, and foundered quickly, her colours high, marking the end of the battle. An officer serving in HMS Defence wrote:

"It was a sight the most awful and grand that can be conceived. In a moment the hull burst into a cloud of smoke and fire. A column of vivid flame shot up to an enormous height in the atmosphere and terminated by expanding into an immense globe, representing for a few seconds, a prodigious tree in flames, specked with many dark spots, which the pieces of timber and bodies of men occasioned while they were suspended in the clouds."

Achille in art

Achille is featured on The Battle of Trafalgar by J. M. W. Turner.

A ​1⁄33 scale model is on display in Paris at the Musée de la Marine.

The rescue of a female member of her crew named Jeannette after the explosion was the inspiration for the coloured engraving Anecdote At the Battle of Trafalgar.[2][3] It was engraved by M Dubourg and coloured by William Heath.[3]

Achille in art

References
  1. Clouet, Alain (2007). "La marine de Napoléon III : classe Téméraire - caractéristiques". dossiersmarine.free.fr. Archived from the original on 23 March 2013. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
  2. Stark, Suzanne J (1998). Female Tars Women aboard ship in the age of sail. Pimlico. p. 76. ISBN 0-7126-6660-5.
  3. "PAD4049 Anecdote At the Battle of Trafalgar". National Maritime Museum. Archived from the original on January 21, 2011. Retrieved February 9, 2011.

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