French submarine Diamant (1933)

The French submarine Diamant was a Saphir-class submarine built for the French Navy in the mid-1930s. Laid down in July 1930, it was launched in May 1933 and commissioned in June 1934. Diamant was scuttled at Toulon on 27 November 1942 to prevent her capture by German forces, then refloated by Italian forces on 29 March 1943. On 22 June 1944, Diamant was bombed and sunk at Toulon by Allied aircraft.[1][2]

Diamant, date unknown
History
France
Name: Diamant
Namesake: Diamond
Operator: French Navy
Builder: Arsenal de Toulon
Laid down: 21 July 1930
Launched: 18 May 1933
Commissioned: 21 June 1934
Fate: Scuttled at Toulon on 27 November 1942 to prevent her capture by German forces, then refloated by the Italians on 29 March 1943. Bombed and sunk at Toulon by Allied aircraft on 22 June 1944.
General characteristics
Class and type: Saphir-class submarine
Displacement:
  • 761 long tons (773 t) (surfaced)
  • 925 long tons (940 t) (submerged)
Length: 66 m (216 ft 6 in)
Beam: 7.1 m (23 ft 4 in)
Draught: 4.3 m (14 ft 1 in)
Propulsion:
  • 2 × diesel engines, 1,300 hp (969 kW)
  • 2 × electric motors, 1,100 hp (820 kW)
Speed:
  • 12 knots (22 km/h) (surfaced)
  • 9 knots (17 km/h) (submerged)
Range:
  • 7,000 nautical miles (13,000 km) at 7.5 knots (13.9 km/h)
  • 4,000 nautical miles (7,400 km) at 12 knots (22 km/h)
  • 80 nautical miles (150 km) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h) (submerged)
Test depth: 80 m (260 ft)
Complement: 42 men
Armament:

Design

66 m (216 ft 6 in) long, with a beam of 7.1 m (23 ft 4 in) and a draught of 4.3 m (14 ft 1 in), Saphir-class submarines could dive up to 80 m (260 ft). The submarine had a surfaced displacement of 761 long tons (773 t) and a submerged displacement of 925 long tons (940 t). Propulsion while surfaced was provided by two 1,300 hp (969 kW) Normand-Vickers diesel motors and while submerged two 1,100 hp (820 kW) electric motors. The submarines electrical propulsion allowed it to attain speeds of 9 knots (17 km/h; 10 mph) while submerged. Their surfaced range was 7,000 nautical miles (13,000 km) at 7.5 knots (13.9 km/h), and 4,000 nautical miles (7,400 km) at 12 knots (22 km/h), with a submerged range of 80 nautical miles (150 km) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h).[1][3]

A scale model of Saphir exposed at the Musée national de la Marine

The Saphir-class submarines were constructed to be able to launch torpedoes and lay mines without surfacing. The moored contact mines they used contained 220 kg (490 lb) of TNT and operated at up to 200 meters (660 ft) of depth. They were attached to the submarine's exterior under a hydrodynamic protection and were jettisoned with compressed air. The Saphir-class submarines also featured an automatic depth regulator that automatically flooded ballast tanks after mines were dropped to prevent the risk of the submarine surfacing in the middle of enemy waters.[4][5]

See also

Citations
  1. "FR Diamant of the French Navy – French submarine of the Requin class – Allied Warships of WWII". uboat.net. Retrieved 22 October 2018.
  2. https://web.archive.org/web/20131104144731/http://sous-marin.france.pagesperso-orange.fr/Q173.htm
  3. "Saphir submarines (1930–1937) – French Navy (France)". www.navypedia.org.
  4. "Saphir class Submarines – Allied Warships of WWII". uboat.net. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
  5. "Sous Mama – Diamand – Nautilus – Perle – Rubis – Saphir – Turquoise – Les Sous-Marins de la série des "Pierres Précieuses"". www.sous-mama.org.

References
  • Fontenoy, Paul E. (2007). Submarines: An Illustrated History of Their Impact (Weapons and Warfare). Santa Barbara.
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