Galik alphabet

The Galik script (Mongolian: Али-гали үсэг, Ali-Gali üseg) is an extension to the traditional Mongolian script. It was created in 1587 by the translator and scholar Ayuush Güüsh (Mongolian: Аюуш гүүш), inspired by the third Dalai Lama, Sonam Gyatso. He added extra characters for transcribing Tibetan and Sanskrit terms when translating religious texts, and later also from Chinese. Some of those characters are still in use today for writing foreign names.[1]

Galik
Ali Gali
Type
LanguagesMongolian, Tibetan, Sanskrit
CreatorAyuush Güüsh
Time period
16th century
Parent systems
Sister systems
Clear script
Vagindra script

Some authors (particularly historic ones like Isaac Taylor in his The Alphabet: an account of the origin and development of letters, 1883) don't distinguish between the Galik and standard Mongolian alphabets.

To ensure that text in the script displays correctly in your browser, the appearance of the text samples in the table below should match.

Reference imageBrowser-rendered textRomanization
ᠾᠠ

Letters

Vowels[2][3]:2628[4]:233[1]:37
Mongol­ian Roman­ization Deva­nagari Tibetan
a
[lower-alpha 1] ā / ཨཱ
i / ि ཨི
ᠢᠢ ī / ཨཱི
u / ཨུ
ᠤᠦ ū / ཨཱུ
ᠷᠢ / རྀ
ᠷᠢᠢ / རཱྀ
ᠯᠢ / ལྀ
ᠯᠢᠢ / ལཱྀ
e / ཨེ
ᠧᠧ ai / ཨཻ
ᠣᠸᠠ o / ཨོ
ᠣᠸᠸᠠ[lower-alpha 2] au / ཨཽ
am / aṃ अं / ཨཾ
aẖ / aḥ अः / ཨཿ
Consonants[2][3]:2628[4]:234239[1]:37
Mongol­ian[lower-alpha 3] Roman­ization Deva­nagari Tibetan
ᢉᠠ ka
ᠻᠠ kha
ᠺᠠ ga
ᠺᠾᠠ gha གྷ
ᢊᢇ ṅa
ᢋᠠ ca /
ᠼᠠ cha /
ᢖᠠ / ᠽᠠ ja /
ᢖᠾᠠ / ᠽᠾᠠ jha ཇྷ / ཛྷ
ᡛᠠ ña
ᢌᠠ ṭa
ᢍᠠ ṭha
ᢎᠠ ḍa
ᢎᠾᠠ ḍha ཌྷ
ᢏᠠ ṇa
ᢐᠠ ta
ᠲᠠ / ᡐᠠ tha
ᢑᠠ / ᡑᠠ da
ᢑᠾᠠ / ᡑᠾᠠ dha དྷ
ᠨᠠ na
ᢒᠠ pa
ᠹᠠ pha
ᠪᠠ ba
ᠪᠾᠠ bha བྷ
ᠮᠠ ma
ya
ᠷᠠ ra
ᠯᠠ la
ᠸᠠ va
ᢕᠠ zha [...]
ᠱᠠ śa
ᢔᠠ ṣa
ᠰᠠ sa
ᠾᠠ ha
ᢖᠠ za [...]
ᢗᠠ 'a [...]
ᢉᢔᠠ kṣa क्ष ཀྵ

Symbols & diacritics

Symbols & diacritics[2]:63, 133, 135, 131
Form(s) Name Examples
Mongolian Tibetan equivalent
Anusvara One ᢀᠠ ཨྃ
Visarga One ཨཿ
Damaru ᢂᠻᠠ ྈྑ
Ubadama ᢃᠹᠠ ྌྥ
ᢄᠹᠠ ྉྥ
Baluda ᢉᢅᠣᠸᠸᠠ

(right-side diacritic)

ཀཽ྅
Three Baluda ᢉᢆᠣᠸᠸᠠ

(right-side diacritic)

ཀཽ྅྅྅

Notes

  1. Second glyph should look like a left-pointing tail for correct appearance.
  2. Should look like: aleph + waw + bet + bet + right-tailed aleph for correct appearance. For relevant terminology, see Mongolian script § Vowels and § Native consonants.
  3. All final letters a should look like left-pointing tails and be connected with the preceding letter for correct appearance. Those a's directly preceded by any of the bow-shaped letters k, kh, g, p, ph, and b should also include a tooth in between. For relevant terminology, see Mongolian script § Graphemes.

References

  1. Otgonbayar Chuluunbaatar (2008). Einführung in die Mongolischen Schriften (in German). Buske. ISBN 978-3-87548-500-4.
  2. "BabelStone : Mongolian and Manchu Resources". babelstone.co.uk. Retrieved 2018-12-16.
  3. Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 9783447006842.
  4. Shagdarsürüng, Tseveliin (2001). "Study of Mongolian Scripts (Graphic Study or Grammatology). Enl". Bibliotheca Mongolica: Monograph 1.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.