George Escol Sellers

His birthplace

George Escol Sellers was born on November 26, 1808, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Coleman Sellers and Sophonisba Angusciola Peale.[1][2] His birthplace was near the Philadelphia Mint in the neighborhood of Mulberry Court. He had one elder brother Charles (b. 1806), two younger brothers Harvey (b. 1813) and Coleman Sellers II (b. 1827), and two younger sisters Elizabeth (b. 1810) and Anna (b. 1824).[2]

His father and many ancestors had been engineers. His maternal grandfather was Charles Willson Peale, and his paternal grandfather Nathan Sellers was known for artwork of wire paper molds.[2] While at school, he worked at Peale's Philadelphia Museum — he would later serve as a member of the museum's board of directors.[3] Sellers was educated at public schools and also studied for five years with tutor Anthony Bolmar at the West Chester Academy in West Chester, Pennsylvania.[1][2][4] In 1832, he went to England to study machines used for production of paper.[3]

Making pipes continuously from lead

Sellers returned to the United States in 1833[3] and started working at his father and grandfather's firm, Nathan & David Sellers; Charles was employed there as well. The company made machinery for producing wire and paper and was the first in the country to use forged frames to build locomotives. They also worked for the United States Mint.[2] When Nathan Sellers died in 1830, the business was reorganized and Coleman Sellers and his two sons then ran the business. As a consequence of the Depression of 1837, the company became insolvent and closed. His work at the firm inspired many of his engineering writings.[1][2]

Sellers and Charles moved to Cincinnati, Ohio and established a factory. Sellers invented machinery that utilized hot fluid lead for continuous production of lead pipe — he received a patent for his design, number US1908A on December 17, 1840.[1][2][5] Their business was eventually sold and merged into a company which was a major producer of lead pipe in the country. Sellers then partnered with Josiah Lawrence, a Cincinnati businessman, and organized a wire manufacturing company called Globe Rolling Mills. He incorporated machinery that he designed in their production process and it proved to be more efficient in producing lead pipe and wire.[2][1]

Railroad locomotive for hill climbing

He sold his interest in the company by 1850 and undertook manufacturing of railroad locomotives for the Panama Railway in 1851. Sellers was considered an able engineer and mechanic, and took out many patents on improvements he made on railroad locomotives while working there. He invented a railroad engine capable of climbing steep mountains and heavily inclined planes — it was defined as an engine boiler with gearing for working heavy grades and was patented as US7498A on July 9, 1850.[1][2][6] He was engaged in the manufacturing and sales of railroad equipment for several years in the 1850s.[2][1]

During the American Civil War, Sellers moved to southern Illinois near the Ohio River and became interested in their mining operations.[2][1][3] He invented a process for making paper-stock from vegetable fiber which was patented as US41101A on January 5, 1864.[7] He spent the remainder of his career pursuing mechanical engineering and design.[2][1] In 1888, he took up residence at Chattanooga, Tennessee upon retirement and lived on Mission Ridge.[3] Sellers died at his home in Chattanooga at the age of 90 on January 1, 1899.[8]

Sellers married Rachel Brooks Parrish on March 6, 1833. They had five children and adopted an orphaned daughter of his cousin. Parrish died on September 14, 1860 in Illinois and was survived by only one son out of their five children.[3]

He had a deep interest in archaeology. He wrote several articles on the relics of the mound builders of Illinois — one published by Smithsonian Institution was on the aborigines' method of making earthenware salt pans. He also wrote detailed articles on how the local American Indians made arrowheads and stone age tools.[1][2] He personally became so skilled at making arrowheads that some specimens of his craft were on display at the National Museum of the American Indian, Washington, D.C.[3] He also had a substantial collection of pottery and implements of the prehistoric tribes of the Ohio valley.[1][2]

His grandfather Charles Wilson Peale and his uncles Rembrandt Peale and Raphaelle Peale were notable artists of the time. In Sellers's opinion, Raphaelle was the most talented of Charles's artist children.[9] Sellers also had recognized artistic talent; Thomas Sully had urged him at an early age to become a portraitist and offered to teach him, but he was more interested in pursuing a vocational career.[1][2] Nonetheless, he indulged his taste for arts and the society of artists throughout his life.[1] He patented different art inventions from time to time and coordinated one of the earliest social organizations of artists in Philadelphia.[1][2]

The first edition of Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner's 1873 novel The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today had a fictional character — a satirical exploitative capitalist without redeeming social values — called "Colonel Eschol Sellers".[10] The name "Eschol Sellers" was suggested by Warner,[3][11] and the use of "Eschol" was a carefully considered decision, with apocryphal descriptions of its antecedents.[3] This is explained further at the beginning of Twain's 1892 novel The American Claimant as being Sellers of Philadelphia, who sued to have his name removed from the novel.[12]

Dr. J. H. Barton — a common friend of Sellers and Warner — discovered the unintentional depiction and urged Warner to not use his friend's name. Warner forwarded a message to Sellers through Barton clarifying that the usage had been unintentional; on January 1, 1874, Sellers replied and asked them to issue a disclaimer stating the same. Warner agreed and also said that the name would be changed in the future copies. While the next editions of the novel removed the name "Eschol", "Colonel Mulberry Sellers" was used instead. "Mulberry" happened to be the name of the neighborhood where Sellers was born and raised, and this unwanted connection continued to be repeated, even unto Sellers's obituaries.[12][3][8][13][14]

• Improvements in Locomotive Engines, and Railways (1849)[15]
• Early Engineering Reminiscences (1815-40) of George Escol Sellers (1965)[16]

• Alexander Bonner Latta — invented the first practical steam fire engine.
• Anthony Harkness — inventor associated with pioneering the railroad locomotive industry of Cincinnati, Ohio.

• George Escol Sellers at Find a Grave