George Townshend, 3rd Marquess Townshend

George Ferrars Townshend, 3rd Marquess Townshend (13 December 1778 – 31 December 1855), known by the courtesy titles of Lord Ferrers of Chartley (from 1782 to 1807) and Earl of Leicester (from 1807 to 1811), was a British peer. His homosexuality caused a scandal and resulted in the rapid breakdown of his marriage and disinheritance by his father. He moved abroad and died at Genoa, then in the Kingdom of Sardinia, without issue.

Arms of Townshend: Azure, a chevron ermine between three escallops argent

Origins & childhood

Townshend was born on 13 December 1778, the elder son and heir of George Townshend, 2nd Marquess Townshend, 5th Viscount Townshend, 1st Earl of Leicester, 17th Baron Ferrers of Chartley, 8th Baron Compton (1753-1811), by his wife Charlotte Ellerker. Townshend was educated at Eton College and Trinity College, Cambridge.[1]

Titles

His father was created Earl of Leicester in 1784, at which point Townshend adopted as courtesy title his father's junior title of Lord Ferrers of Chartley. His grandfather was created Marquess Townshend in 1787, and when his father inherited that title in 1807 Townshend adopted as courtesy title his father's more senior title of Earl of Leicester. He succeeded his father as 3rd Marquess Townshend in 1811.

Marriage and scandal

In 1807, aged 31 and still then known as the Earl of Leicester, he married Sarah Dunn-Gardner (d.1858), only surviving daughter and heiress of William Dunn-Gardner (d.1831) of Chatteris House, Isle of Ely, Cambridgeshire. His wife left him a year later, not having produced any issue, and having accused him of being impotent and of having had homosexual relations with his Italian secretary.[2] Sarah sued for annulment in the ecclesiastical courts (which was never granted) and very shortly afterwards in 1809 eloped to Gretna Green with another man, namely John Margetts, a brewer from St. Ives, to whom she was thus married bigamously, which union was invalid in law. Following this scandal, Leicester was disinherited by his father for bringing disgrace to the family (although he could not affect the descent of the peerages[3]), and he moved abroad. Sarah bore several children to John Margetts, who used the surname of their natural father ("Margetts") until 1823, when Sarah had the children baptised with the surname of her legal husband ("Townshend"). The legal position was that since Sarah's marriage had never been annulled, any children she bore would be deemed the progeny of Townshend and thus eligible to succeed him in his estates and titles. With this in mind, the eldest son John Margetts, Jnr (1811-1903) became "John Townshend" and assumed the courtesy title of "Earl of Leicester". He was later a Member of Parliament and a major landowner in Cambridgeshire, as heiress of his mother, and finally after being de-legitimised adopted the name "John Dunn-Gardner".

Legal children de-legitimized

Alarmed at the pretensions of Sarah and her children, Townshend's younger brother Lord Charles Townshend (1785–1853) (who would inherit if Townshend had no legitimate sons) petitioned Parliament in May 1842 to have Sarah's children de-legitimized. Townshend supported the petition, and all the children were duly declared illegitimate by a private Act of Parliament in 1843[4] whereupon the eldest son "John Townshend" (then himself a Member of Parliament for Bodmin) assumed his mother's maiden-name of "Dunn-Gardner".

Death and succession

Townshend died in Genoa in December 1855, aged 77, without issue. His only brother Lord Charles Townshend, the petitioner in the legitimacy case, had predeceased him and left no sons. Therefore, the Earldom of Leicester became extinct, while the baronies of Ferrers of Chartley and Compton fell into abeyance between his nephew (his middle sister's son) and his youngest sister, and remain in abeyance today. He was succeeded in the Marquessate of Townshend by his first cousin John Townshend, 4th Marquess Townshend.

Notes

"Ferrars, Lord George (FRRS798G)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
Bryant, Chris (5 November 2015). Parliament - the Biography: Reform. ISBN 9780552779968.
Descent of the peerages pre-determined by law or letters patent creating the various titles
Francois Velde (2007) "Genetically Challenged" Queen message from alt.talk.royalty, posted 30 May 2007. The message says in part:
"The Townshend peerage case was one where marquis Townshend (then called Lord Chartley) married Sarah Dunn Gardner in 1807; a year later she left her husband, sued in Ecclesiastical court to have the marriage annulled because of his impotence but dropped the suit and eloped with a brewer of St. Ives. Their children initially bore the brewer's name (Margetts) but from 1823 took the name Townshend, and one took the style of Earl of Leicester. The marquis took no steps to dissolve the marriage, and his brother had no means to dispute the legitimacy of the so-called Earl of Leicester, because no property depended on the title. As time went by and witnesses died off, it seemed the imposture might not be preventable. So the brother and heir presumptive petitioned the house of Lords for inquiry respecting the descent of these honours in May 1842. The next year the marquis himself also petitioned the House.

Ultimately a private bill was brought "to declare the illegitimacy of certain persons alleged or claiming to be children of the Most Honourable George Ferrars, Marquis Townshend". There was much debate (how could you bastardize the children of a valid and continuing marriage? Was the royal prerogative not infringed? What about ordinary courts?). In the end the bill received royal assent on July 12, 1843 entitled "An Act to declare that certain persons therein mentioned are not children of the Most Honourable George Ferrars, Marquis Townshend" (6 & 7 Vict c. 35) and declaring that "the said several children of the said Sarah Gardner, Marchioness Townshend, hereinbefore respectively mentioned, are not nor were, nor shall they or any of them, be taken to be or be deemed the lawful issue of the said George Ferrars Marquis Townshend" (According to Francois Velde, one child, being a minor and having no legal guardian, was exempted from the act's provisions). (Based on Frederick Clifford, A History of Private Bill Legislation, 1885, vol. 1 p. 443–450)."

References

Lee, Sidney, ed. (1899). "Townshend, George (1755-1811)" . Dictionary of National Biography. 57. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.
Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages
Information on the Townshend family

External links

Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Marquess Townshend

Peerage of Great Britain
Preceded by George Townshend	Marquess Townshend 1811 – 1855	Succeeded by John Townshend
Preceded by George Townshend	Earl of Leicester 6th creation 1811 – 1855	Extinct
Peerage of England
Preceded by George Townshend	Baron Ferrers of Chartley Baron Compton 1811 – 1855	In abeyance

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[1] "Ferrars, Lord George (FRRS798G)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.

[2] Bryant, Chris (5 November 2015). Parliament - the Biography: Reform. ISBN 9780552779968.

[3] Descent of the peerages pre-determined by law or letters patent creating the various titles

[4] Francois Velde (2007) "Genetically Challenged" Queen message from alt.talk.royalty, posted 30 May 2007. The message says in part:
"The Townshend peerage case was one where marquis Townshend (then called Lord Chartley) married Sarah Dunn Gardner in 1807; a year later she left her husband, sued in Ecclesiastical court to have the marriage annulled because of his impotence but dropped the suit and eloped with a brewer of St. Ives. Their children initially bore the brewer's name (Margetts) but from 1823 took the name Townshend, and one took the style of Earl of Leicester. The marquis took no steps to dissolve the marriage, and his brother had no means to dispute the legitimacy of the so-called Earl of Leicester, because no property depended on the title. As time went by and witnesses died off, it seemed the imposture might not be preventable. So the brother and heir presumptive petitioned the house of Lords for inquiry respecting the descent of these honours in May 1842. The next year the marquis himself also petitioned the House.

Ultimately a private bill was brought "to declare the illegitimacy of certain persons alleged or claiming to be children of the Most Honourable George Ferrars, Marquis Townshend". There was much debate (how could you bastardize the children of a valid and continuing marriage? Was the royal prerogative not infringed? What about ordinary courts?). In the end the bill received royal assent on July 12, 1843 entitled "An Act to declare that certain persons therein mentioned are not children of the Most Honourable George Ferrars, Marquis Townshend" (6 & 7 Vict c. 35) and declaring that "the said several children of the said Sarah Gardner, Marchioness Townshend, hereinbefore respectively mentioned, are not nor were, nor shall they or any of them, be taken to be or be deemed the lawful issue of the said George Ferrars Marquis Townshend" (According to Francois Velde, one child, being a minor and having no legal guardian, was exempted from the act's provisions). (Based on Frederick Clifford, A History of Private Bill Legislation, 1885, vol. 1 p. 443–450)."