Glycocystis

Glycocystis beckeri is the only species of the flowering plant genus Glycocystis in the family Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to the south west of Western Australia. It is a shrub, similar to others in the genera Eremophila and Myoporum but is unusual in that it produces very large amounts of sticky, sweet-smelling resin produced by raised glands which cover the entire plant, except for the petals. It has been suggested that the resin traps insects which the plant uses as a source of nitrogen.

Glycocystis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Tribe: Myoporeae
Genus: Glycocystis
Chinnock
Species:
G. beckeri
Binomial name
Glycocystis beckeri
Synonyms[1]
  • Disoon beckeri (F.Muell.) F.Muell.
  • Myoporum beckeri (F.Muell.) F.Muell. ex Benth.

Description

Glycocystis beckeri is a compact, rounded shrub sometimes growing to a height of 3 metres (10 ft) with branches which have many raised glands producing large amounts of sticky, sweet smelling resin. The branches are often black due to the presence of fungus. The leaves are arranged alternately, mostly 12–22 millimetres (0.5–0.9 in) long, 3.5–6.5 millimetres (0.1–0.3 in) wide and lance-shaped with the narrower end towards the base. The edges of the leaves are serrated and their surface is covered with large numbers of small, raised resin glands.[2][3]

The flowers are arranged singly or sometimes in pairs in the axils of leaves on a stalk 2–4 millimetres (0.08–0.2 in) long . There are 5 narrow, pointed sepals which have similar glands to the branches and leaves. There are also 5 petals joined at their bases, forming a bell-shaped tube. The petal tube is white apart from inside the tube and the lower lobe which are white with yellow blotches. The tube is 4–7 millimetres (0.2–0.3 in) long with lobes of slightly different lengths. There are 4 short stamens which extend slightly beyond the petal tube. Flowering occurs throughout the year, especially after rain and is followed by fruits which are dry and winged when mature.[2][3]

Taxonomy and naming

Glycocystis beckeri was first formally described in 1859 by Ferdinand von Mueller in Fragmenta phytographiae Australiae as Eremophila beckeri from a specimen collected by George Maxwell in rocky hills near to the Phillips River.[1][4] The genus name (Glycocystis) is from the Ancient Greek words γλυκύς (glykýs) meaning "sweet"[5]:773 and κύστις (kýstis) meaning "a cyst" or "bladder"[5]:250 referring to the sweet smelling resin produced by the glands on many parts of this species. The specific epithet (beckeri) honours the artist, naturalist and explorer Ludwig Becker.[2]

Distribution and habitat

Glycocystis beckeri occurs near Ravensthorpe in the Esperance Plains and Mallee biogeographic regions. It grows in pebbly clay loam.[2][6][7]

Ecology

It has been suggested that the production of large amounts of sweet resin by this plant may be an adaptation to attract and trap insects which may in turn provide the plant with nitrogen in a similar way to that employed by plants in the South African genus Roridula.[3][8]

Conservation

Glycocystis beckeri is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.[6]

References
  1. "Glycocystis beckeri". APNI. Retrieved 6 December 2015.
  2. Chinnock, R.J. (Bob) (2007). Eremophila and allied genera : a monograph of the plant family Myoporaceae (1st ed.). Dural, NSW: Rosenberg. pp. 169–171. ISBN 9781877058165.
  3. Archer, William. "Glycosystis beckeri". Esperance Wildflowers. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  4. von Mueller, Ferdinand (1859). Fragmenta Phytographiae Australiae. Melbourne. p. 156. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  5. Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  6. "Glycocystis beckeri (F.Muell.) Chinnock". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
  7. Paczkowska, Grazyna; Chapman, Alex R. (2000). The Western Australian flora : a descriptive catalogue. Perth: Wildflower Society of Western Australia. p. 343. ISBN 0646402439.
  8. Anderson, Bruce (8 February 2005). "Adaptations to Foliar Absorption of Faeces: a Pathway in Plant Carnivory" (PDF). Annals of Botany. 95 (5): 757–761. doi:10.1093/aob/mci082. PMC 4246731. PMID 15728666. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
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