Gosper curve

The Gosper curve can be represented using an L-system with rules as follows:

• Angle: 60°
• Axiom: ${\displaystyle A}$
• Replacement rules:
  • ${\displaystyle A\mapsto A-B--B+A++AA+B-}$
  • ${\displaystyle B\mapsto +A-BB--B-A++A+B}$

In this case both A and B mean to move forward, + means to turn left 60 degrees and - means to turn right 60 degrees - using a "turtle"-style program such as Logo.

A Logo program to draw the Gosper curve using turtle graphics (online version):

to rg :st :ln
 make "st :st - 1
 make "ln :ln / sqrt 7
 if :st > 0 [rg :st :ln rt 60 gl :st :ln  rt 120 gl :st :ln lt 60 rg :st :ln lt 120 rg :st :ln rg :st :ln lt 60 gl :st :ln rt 60]
 if :st = 0 [fd :ln rt 60 fd :ln rt 120 fd :ln lt 60 fd :ln lt 120 fd :ln fd :ln lt 60 fd :ln rt 60]
end
 
to gl :st :ln
 make "st :st - 1
 make "ln :ln / sqrt 7
 if :st > 0 [lt 60 rg :st :ln rt 60 gl :st :ln gl :st :ln rt 120 gl :st :ln rt 60 rg :st :ln lt 120 rg :st :ln lt 60 gl :st :ln]
 if :st = 0 [lt 60 fd :ln rt 60 fd :ln fd :ln rt 120 fd :ln rt 60 fd :ln lt 120 fd :ln lt 60 fd :ln]
end

The program can be invoked, for example, with rg 4 300, or alternatively gl 4 300.

A Python program, that uses the aforementioned L-System rules, to draw the Gosper curve using turtle graphics (online version):

import turtle


def gosper_curve(order: int, size: int, is_A: bool = True) -> None:
    """Draw the Gosper curve."""
    if order == 0:
        turtle.forward(size)
        return
    for op in "A-B--B+A++AA+B-" if is_A else "+A-BB--B-A++A+B":
        gosper_op_map[op](order - 1, size)


gosper_op_map = {
    "A": lambda o, size: gosper_curve(o, size, True),
    "B": lambda o, size: gosper_curve(o, size, False),
    "-": lambda o, size: turtle.right(60),
    "+": lambda o, size: turtle.left(60),
}
size = 10
order = 3
gosper_curve(order, size)