Guánica State Forest

The Guánica State Forest (in Spanish: Bosque Estatal de Guánica) is a subtropical dry forest located in southwest Puerto Rico. The area was designated as a forest reserve in 1919 and a United Nations Biosphere Reserve in 1981.[2] It is considered the best preserved, subtropical forest and the best example of dry forest in the Caribbean.[3]

Guánica State Forest
Partial view of the coastal area of the forest
LocationPuerto Rico
Nearest cityGuánica
Coordinates17°57′56″N 66°52′45″W
Area9,878 acres (39.97 km2)[1]
Established1919
Governing bodyDepartment of Natural Resources of Puerto Rico

Geography

Located in the dry orographic rain shadow of the Cordillera Central, Puerto Rico's driest area, temperatures in the forest are, on average, around 80 °F (27 °C) in shaded areas and 100 °F (38 °C) in exposed areas.[1] The average temperature is 25.3 °C (77.5 °F) and the average annual rainfall is 791 millimetres (31.1 in).[4]

Flora and fauna

Approximately half of Puerto Rico's birds and nine of sixteen the endemic bird species occur in the Guánica State Forest.

The vegetation in the forest is divided into three main groups: upland deciduous forest (which occupies 23.5 square kilometres or 9.1 square miles), semi-evergreen forest (7.2 square kilometres or 2.8 square miles), and scrub forest (5.8 square kilometres or 2.2 square miles).[5] Similar to other insular dry forests species diversity is low; between 30 and 50 tree species are found per hectare.[6] More than 700 plant species, of which 48 are endangered and 16 are endemic to the forest, occur within the forest.

  • Critical electrical grid infrastructure in Guánica State Forest
  • Fuerte Caprón
  • View from Guánica State Forest
  • Cactus

References
  1. "Areas Protegida: Bosque Estatal de Guánica" (in Spanish). Retrieved November 26, 2006.
  2. "2006 Federal Register, 71 FR 48883". Archived from the original on September 30, 2006. Retrieved November 26, 2006.
  3. Ewel, J.L. & J.L. Whitmore. 1973. The ecological life zones of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. USDA For. Serv. Res. Pap. ITF-18.
  4. Silander, S., H. Gil de Rubio, M. Miranda, and M. Vazquez. 1986. Los Bosques de Puerto Rico, Volume II. Compendio Enciclopédico de los Recursos Naturales de Puerto Rico. Puerto Rico Department of Natural Resources, San Juan, Puerto Rico.
  5. Lugo, A. E., J. A. Gonzalez-Liboy, B. Cintrón, and K. Dugger. (1978) Structure, productivity and transpiration of a subtropical dry forest in Puerto Rico. Biotropica 10:278-291.
  6. Murphy, P. G., and A. E. Lugo. (1986) Structure and biomass of a subtropical dry forest in Puerto Rico. Biotropica 18:89-96.
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