Gunnar Fischer

Gunnar Fischer (18 November 1910 – 11 June 2011) was a Swedish cinematographer who worked with director Ingmar Bergman on several of the director's best-known films, including Smiles of a Summer Night (1955) and The Seventh Seal (1957). In addition to his career as cinematographer, Gunnar Fischer directed short films, wrote screenplays (1933–41) and published books for children.

Gunnar Fischer
Gunnar Fischer in 1985.
Born18 November 1910
Ljungby, Sweden
Died11 June 2011 (2011-06-12) (aged 100)
NationalitySwedish
OccupationPhotography director, cinematographer
ChildrenJens Fischer, Peter Fischer
RelativesElis Fischer (grandfather)
Signature

Early life
Fischer (behind the camera), Maj-Britt Nilsson (lying down) and Ingmar Bergman (right) on the set of Secrets of Women, 1952.
Fischer (at the top of the ladder) on the set of The Seventh Seal, 1957.

Gunnar Fischer was born in Ljungby, Sweden on 18 November 1910, the son of Greta Lokrantz and Gunnar Fischer.[1] His family later moved to Ronneby, where Fischer spent most of his childhood. After the death of his father in 1931, the family moved to Stockholm.[2]

Education

Fischer studied painting for Otte Sköld before electing to join the Swedish Navy for 3 years. His passion for film led him to the Svensk Filmindustri in 1935[3] where he learned cinematography from Victor Sjöström's photographer Julius Jaenzon. Acting as an assistant cameraman for 16 feature films, he made his debut as director of photography in 1942.[4]

Career

Known for his work with directors Bergman and Carl Theodor Dreyer (Two People, 1945), as well as work with Walt Disney,[5] Fischer received an honorary Guldbagge Award for lifetime achievement in 2002, as well as the Ingmar Bergman Award in 1992.[6] His first collaboration with Bergman was on the melodrama Port of Call (1948), a partnership which continued until The Devil's Eye (1960). Fischer has been quoted saying the two men were never each other's "bowing servants" yet his admiration for Bergman stood firm: "I felt privileged collaborating with Bergman."

"Fischer's great skill was in monochrome," according to the British film historian Peter Cowie. "He gave Bergman's films that unique expressionist look, with their brilliant contrasts in every gradation of black and white."[7] His style was drawn from the landscapes of Carl Theodore Dreyer and Victor Sjöström, whom he knew well. The International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers describes Fischer's style as "in the mainstream of the Scandinavian tradition," and celebrates the close and "intensely psychological close-ups and two-shots."[8]

Widely recognized for his striking imagery and cold lighting, Fischer was the "first cinematographer to capture with unparalleled beauty the cruelty, sensuality and selfishness that often collided in the same scene among Bergman's anguished characters."[9]

Almost as striking was the camerawork for Bergman’s historical feature The Seventh Seal,[10] which depicted a medieval encounter between a knight back from the Crusades and the figure of Death. Told in stark black and white, its most famous scene featured them playing chess together on a bleak Nordic beach. Borrowing a trick from the stage, Fischer lit the shot so that both men were seen in sharp relief against the dark, brooding waves. Pedants insisted that this image was impossible as it implied the existence of two suns in different quarters of the sky; Fischer dismissed the criticism on the ground that if the very notion of a knight playing chess with Death were accepted, two suns in the sky should be no more incredible.[11]

Personal life

Fischer was married to Gull Söderblom, sister of the popular actor Åke Söderblom.[12] He died on 11 June 2011 at the age of 100.[5][13] His grandfather was Elis Fischer, the chief executive of Skandia.

Honours and awards

Filmography

Biography

Selected cinematography

See also

References
  1. Fischer, Gunnar. "Riksarkivet - Sök i arkiven". sok.riksarkivet.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2020-10-30.
  2. "Ronneby stadsarkiv: Rådhusrättens och Magistratens arkiv (SE/LLA/10185)". sok.riksarkivet.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2020-10-30.
  3. "Gunnar Fischer". Nationalencyklopedin (in Swedish). Retrieved 11 November 2020.
  4. "Gunnar Fischer". www.ingmarbergman.se (in Swedish). Retrieved 2020-10-30.
  5. Bernstein, Adam (12 June 2011). "Gunnar Fischer, Bergman's cinematographer, dies at 100". Washington Post. Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  6. "Guldbagge Awards, Swedish Film Institute". Retrieved 13 June 2011.
  7. William Grimes (June 13, 2011). "Gunnar Fischer, Cinematographer for Bergman, Dies at 100". The New York Times. Retrieved June 14, 2011.
  8. MUBI. "Gunnar Fischer, 1910 - 2011". International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers.
  9. Bernstein, Adam (12 June 2011). "Gunnar Fischer, Bergman's cinematographer, dies at 100". Washington Post.
  10. "Filmer och serier med Gunnar Fischer". tv.nu (in Swedish). Retrieved 2020-10-30.
  11. "Gunnar Fischer". The Daily Telegraph. London. 3 July 2011.
  12. Nöjeslexikon, Myggans. "Gunnar Fischer". Ingmar Bergman Foundation. Archived from the original on 2011-06-18. Retrieved 2011-07-05.
  13. "Gunnar Fischer". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2020-10-30.
  14. "Gunnar Fischer". Guldbaggen 2021. Retrieved 2020-10-30.
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