Gurmukhi (Unicode block)
Gurmukhi is a Unicode block containing characters for the Punjabi language, as it is written in India. In its original incarnation, the code points U+0A02..U+0A4C were a direct copy of the Gurmukhi characters A2-EC from the 1988 ISCII standard. The Devanagari, Bengali, Gujarati, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam blocks were similarly all based on their ISCII encodings.
| Gurmukhi | |
|---|---|
| Range | U+0A00..U+0A7F (128 code points) |
| Plane | BMP |
| Scripts | Gurmukhi |
| Major alphabets | Punjabi |
| Assigned | 80 code points |
| Unused | 48 reserved code points |
| Source standards | ISCII |
| Unicode version history | |
| 1.0.0 | 74 (+74) |
| 1.0.1 | 75 (+1) |
| 4.0 | 77 (+2) |
| 5.1 | 79 (+2) |
| 11.0 | 80 (+1) |
| Note: [1][2][3] | |
Block
| Gurmukhi[1][2] Official Unicode Consortium code chart (PDF) | ||||||||||||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| U+0A0x | ਁ | ਂ | ਃ | ਅ | ਆ | ਇ | ਈ | ਉ | ਊ | ਏ | ||||||
| U+0A1x | ਐ | ਓ | ਔ | ਕ | ਖ | ਗ | ਘ | ਙ | ਚ | ਛ | ਜ | ਝ | ਞ | ਟ | ||
| U+0A2x | ਠ | ਡ | ਢ | ਣ | ਤ | ਥ | ਦ | ਧ | ਨ | ਪ | ਫ | ਬ | ਭ | ਮ | ਯ | |
| U+0A3x | ਰ | ਲ | ਲ਼ | ਵ | ਸ਼ | ਸ | ਹ | ਼ | ਾ | ਿ | ||||||
| U+0A4x | ੀ | ੁ | ੂ | ੇ | ੈ | ੋ | ੌ | ੍ | ||||||||
| U+0A5x | ੑ | ਖ਼ | ਗ਼ | ਜ਼ | ੜ | ਫ਼ | ||||||||||
| U+0A6x | ੦ | ੧ | ੨ | ੩ | ੪ | ੫ | ੬ | ੭ | ੮ | ੯ | ||||||
| U+0A7x | ੰ | ੱ | ੲ | ੳ | ੴ | ੵ | ੶ | |||||||||
| Notes | ||||||||||||||||
History
The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Gurmukhi block:
| Version | Final code points[lower-alpha 1] | Count | UTC ID | L2 ID | WG2 ID | Document |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.0.0 | U+0A02, 0A05..0A0A, 0A0F..0A10, 0A13..0A28, 0A2A..0A30, 0A32..0A33, 0A35..0A36, 0A38..0A39, 0A3C, 0A3E..0A42, 0A47..0A48, 0A4B..0A4C, 0A59..0A5C, 0A5E, 0A66..0A74 | 74 | UTC/1991-056 | Whistler, Ken, Indic Charts: Devanagari, Bengali, Gurmukhi, Gujarati, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam | ||
| UTC/1991-057 | Whistler, Ken, Indic names list | |||||
| UTC/1991-048B | Whistler, Ken (1991-03-27), "III. L. Walk In proposals", Draft Minutes from the UTC meeting #46 day 2, 3/27 at Apple | |||||
| L2/01-303 | Vikas, Om (2001-07-26), Letter from the Government from India on "Draft for Unicode Standard for Indian Scripts" | |||||
| L2/01-304 | Feedback on Unicode Standard 3.0, 2001-08-02 | |||||
| L2/01-305 | McGowan, Rick (2001-08-08), Draft UTC Response to L2/01-304, "Feedback on Unicode Standard 3.0" | |||||
| L2/01-430R | McGowan, Rick (2001-11-20), UTC Response to L2/01-304, “Feedback on Unicode Standard 3.0” | |||||
| L2/05-371R | Sidhu, Sukhjinder (2005-11-30), Gurmukhi annotations | |||||
| L2/06-008R2 | Moore, Lisa (2006-02-13), "C.8", UTC #106 Minutes | |||||
| L2/20-055 | Pournader, Roozbeh (2020-01-16), Proposed sequences for composition exclusions | |||||
| L2/20-015 | Moore, Lisa (2020-01-23), "B.13.1.1 Proposed sequences for composition exclusions", Draft Minutes of UTC Meeting 162 | |||||
| 1.0.1 | U+0A4D | 1 | (to be determined) | |||
| 4.0 | U+0A01, 0A03 | 2 | L2/01-431R[lower-alpha 2] | McGowan, Rick (2001-11-08), Actions for UTC and Editorial Committee in response to L2/01-430R | ||
| L2/01-405R | Moore, Lisa (2001-12-12), "Consensus 89-C19", Minutes from the UTC/L2 meeting in Mountain View, November 6-9, 2001, Accept the twelve Indic characters with names and coding positions as documented in L2/01-431R | |||||
| L2/02-117 | N2425 | McGowan, Rick (2002-03-21), Additional Characters for Indic Scripts | ||||
| L2/03-102 | Vikas, Om (2003-03-04), Unicode Standard for Indic Scripts | |||||
| L2/03-101.4 | Proposed Changes in Indic Scripts [Gurmukhi document], 2003-03-04 | |||||
| 5.1 | U+0A51 | 1 | L2/05-088R | Sidhu, Sukhjinder (2005-04-21), Proposed Changes to Gurmukhi | ||
| L2/05-167 | Sidhu, Sukhjinder (2005-08-01), Proposed Changes to Gurmukhi 2 | |||||
| L2/05-180 | Moore, Lisa (2005-08-17), "Gurmukhi (C.6)", UTC #104 Minutes | |||||
| L2/05-344 | Sidhu, Sukhjinder (2005-10-27), Proposed changes to Gurmukhi 3 | |||||
| L2/05-279 | Moore, Lisa (2005-11-10), "C.14", UTC #105 Minutes | |||||
| L2/05-384 | N3021 | Sidhu, Sukhjinder (2005-12-18), Proposal to encode Gurmukhi 3 | ||||
| L2/06-020 | McGowan, Rick (2006-01-25), Public Review Issue #82: Representation of Gurmukhi Double Vowels | |||||
| L2/06-030 | Sidhu, Sukhjinder (2006-01-27), "E", Proposed Changes to Gurmukhi 4 | |||||
| L2/06-008R2 | Moore, Lisa (2006-02-13), "B.11.5, C.8", UTC #106 Minutes | |||||
| N3103 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2006-08-25), "M48.25a", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 48, Mountain View, CA, USA; 2006-04-24/27 | |||||
| U+0A75 | 1 | L2/06-008R2 | Moore, Lisa (2006-02-13), "C.8", UTC #106 Minutes | |||
| L2/06-037R | N3073 | Sidhu, Sukhjinder (2006-04-07), Proposal to encode Gurmukhi Sign Yakash | ||||
| N3103 (pdf, doc) | Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2006-08-25), "M48.25b", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 48, Mountain View, CA, USA; 2006-04-24/27 | |||||
| L2/16-294 | Singh, Sarabveer (2016-10-27), Changes to Gurmukhi 10 | |||||
| L2/16-302 | Sharma, Shriramana (2016-10-28), Feedback on L2/16-294 on Gurmukhi | |||||
| L2/16-327 | McGowan, Rick (2016-11-07), "Feedback on L2/16-294 (Gurmukhi)", Comments on Public Review Issues (July 27 - Nov 7, 2016) | |||||
| L2/16-342 | Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Glass, Andrew; Iancu, Laurențiu (2016-11-07), "4", Recommendations to UTC #149 November 2016 on Script Proposals | |||||
| L2/16-325 | Moore, Lisa (2016-11-18), "D.4 (later rescinded)", UTC #149 Minutes | |||||
| L2/16-380 | Singh, Manvir (2016-12-09), Feedback on L2/16-294 | |||||
| L2/16-384 | Singh, Sarabveer (2016-12-13), Feedback on L2/16-380 | |||||
| L2/17-037 | Anderson, Deborah; Whistler, Ken; Pournader, Roozbeh; Glass, Andrew; Iancu, Laurențiu; Moore, Lisa; Liang, Hai; Ishida, Richard; Misra, Karan; McGowan, Rick (2017-01-21), "5. Gurmukhi", Recommendations to UTC #150 January 2017 on Script Proposals | |||||
| L2/17-016 | Moore, Lisa (2017-02-08), "Consensus 150-C13", UTC #150 Minutes, Retain the current glyph in the code charts for Yakash, U+0A75, rescinding the decision documented under D.4.1 in the UTC #149 minutes. | |||||
| 11.0 | U+0A76 | 1 | L2/16-209R | A, Srinidhi; A, Sridatta (2016-07-25), Proposal to Encode an Abbreviation Sign for Gurmukhi | ||
| L2/16-203 | Moore, Lisa (2016-08-18), "D.9", UTC #148 Minutes | |||||
| N4873R (pdf, doc) | "M65.08f", Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 65, 2018-03-16 | |||||
| ||||||
References
- "Unicode 1.0.1 Addendum" (PDF). The Unicode Standard. 1992-11-03. Retrieved 2016-07-09.
- "Unicode character database". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2016-07-09.
- "Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard". The Unicode Standard. Retrieved 2016-07-09.
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