Hôtel-Dieu de Québec

The Hotel-Dieu de Québec is a teaching hospital located in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada and affiliated with Université Laval's medical school. It is part of the Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec (CHUQ), a network of three teaching hospitals and several specialized institutions. Its areas of expertise include cancer treatment, kidney disease and cochlear implants. It has an affiliated research centre, the Centre de recherche de l’Hôtel-Dieu de Québec.

For other uses, see Hôtel-Dieu.
Hôtel-Dieu de Québec (Centre hospitalier universitaire de Québec)
The main entrance of the Hôtel-Dieu hospital
Geography
Location11, côte du Palais
Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
Coordinates46°48′54.76″N 71°12′38.26″W
Organization
Care systemPublic Medicare (Canada)
TypeTeaching hospital
Affiliated universityLaval University
Services
History
Opened1637
Links
Websitewww.chuq.qc.ca
Official nameHôtel-Dieu de Québec National Historic Site of Canada
Designated1936
ListsHospitals in Canada

This hospital was the first such facility in Canada, and the first in North America, north of Mexico.[1]

History

The hospital was officially founded in 1637 in order to meet the colony's need for healthcare by Marie-Madeleine de Vignerot, the Duchesse d'Aiguillon (1604-1675), a niece of Cardinal Richelieu. She entrusted the task to the Canonesses of St. Augustine of the Mercy of Jesus, commonly referred as Hospitaller Sisters, due to their vocation as nurses.

Three young canonesses left their monastery in Dieppe, on the coast of the English Channel, and arrived in New France on 1 August 1639 with the goal of opening the hospital.[2] They were Mothers Marie de Saint-Ignace Guenet, Marie de Saint-Bonaventure Forestier and Anne de Saint-Bernard Le Cointre.[3]

The canonesses established the hospital at its first site in 1640, in what was then the village of Sillery. In keeping with the wishes of the Duchess, their care was directed to the people of the First Nations. Dwellings were built near the hospital for the native people to facilitate their care. By 1644, however, they had to abandon the site due to repeated attacks by Iroquois warriors, and the community moved to the town of Quebec.[4]

There the canonesses acquired the site and built the hospital that still stands. Serving the French colonists after that point, it became the leading medical institution for the care of the people of the city.

A new hospital for the poor was built in 1693 by Jean-Baptiste de Saint-Vallier, the second Bishop of Quebec, known as the Hôpital-Général de Québec. Initially four canonesses were sent to help in running the hospital. The bishop formally entrusted it to the canonesses of the Hôtel-Dieu in 1698, and the Sisters who served there became an independent monastery in 1701.[5]

The hospital was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1936.[6] The Hôtel-Dieu continued to be operated by the Augustinian canonesses until 1962.

Description

The site has structures that range in date from 1695 to 2001.[7]

The vaulted cellars that support the three-storey wings were built in 1695. Stone walls surround an adjoining Augustine cemetery, monastery, garden and cloister. Opened in 1803, the hospital chapel had its interior and façade remodelled in later years by Thomas Baillairgé.[7]

References
  1. "The Augustinian Sisters and Québec City's Hôtel-Dieu". Government of Canada. Archived from the original on 5 January 2008. Retrieved 22 November 2012.
  2. "Répertoire des toponymes - Fiche toponymique: Hôtel-Dieu, rue de l'". Ville de Québec (in French). Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2012.
  3. "Les Augustines de la Miséricorde de Jésus de l'Hôtel-Dieu de Québec". Corporation de patrimoine et du tourisme religieux de Québec (in French). Archived from the original on 26 June 2012. Retrieved 22 November 2012.
  4. "Répertoire des toponymes - Fiche toponymique: Hospitalières, rue des". Ville de Québec (in French). Archived from the original on 16 December 2012. Retrieved 22 November 2012.
  5. "Répertoire des toponymes - Fiche toponymique: Récollets, rue des". Ville de Québec (in French). Archived from the original on 30 October 2014. Retrieved 22 November 2012.
  6. Hôtel-Dieu de Québec. Canadian Register of Historic Places. Retrieved 2012-03-03.
  7. "Hôtel-Dieu de Québec National Historic Site of Canada". historicplaces.ca.

Bibliography
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