Halomonas
Halomonas is a genus of halophilic (salt-tolerating) proteobacteria. It grows over the range of 5 to 25% NaCl.
| Halomonas | |
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| Genus: | Halomonas Vreeland et al. 1980 emend. Dobson and Franzmann 1996 |
| Type species | |
| Halomonas elongata | |
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The type species of this genus is Halomonas elongata.[1]
Description
Members of Halomonas are Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacteria, generally 0.6-0.8 μm by 1.6-1.9 μm.[2] They move by using flagella. They grow in the presence of oxygen, although some have been reported to be able to grow without oxygen. When grown on an agar plate, they form white/yellow colonies that turn light brown over time.[2]
Ecology
Halomonas species have been found in a broad variety of saline environments, including estuaries, the ocean, and saline lakes.[2]
Species
Many species of Halomonas have been described:[3]
H. alimentaria
H. alkaliantarctica
H. alkaliphila
H. almeriensis
H. andesensis
H. anticariensis
H. aquamarina
H. arcis
H. axialensis
H. beimenensis
H. boliviensis
H. campaniensis
H. campisalis
H. caseinilytica
H. cerina
H. cibimaris
H. cupida
H. daqiaonensis
H. daqingensis
H. denitrificans
H. desiderata
H. elongata
H. eurihalina
H. flava
H. fontilapidosi
H. garicola
H. gomseomensis
H. gudaonensis
H. halmophila
H. halocynthiae
H. halodenitrificans
H. halophila
H. hamiltonii
H. heilongjiangensis
H. huangheensis
H. hydrothermalis
H. ilicicola
H. janggokensis
H. jeotgali
H. johnsoniae
H. kenyensis
H. koreensis
H. korlensis
H. kribbensis
H. lutea
H. lutescence
H. magadiensis
H. maura
H. meridiana
H. mongoliensis
H. muralis
H. nanhaiensis
H. neptunia
H. nitroreducens
H. olivaria
H. organivorans
H. pacifica
H. pantelleriensis
H. qiaohouensis
H. qijiaojingensis
H. ramblicola
H. rifensis
H. sabkhae
H. saccharevitans
H. salicampi
H. salifodinae
H. salina
H. sediminicola
H. shengliensis
H. sinaiensis
H. smyrnensis
H. songnenensis
H. stenophila
H. stevensii
H. subglaciescola
H. subterranea
H. sulfidaeris
H. taeanensis
H. titanicae
H. urumqiensis
H. variabilis
H. ventosae
H. venusta
H. vilamensis
H. xianhensis
H. xinjiangensis
H. zhangjiangensis
H. zincidurans
Pathogenic potential
Certain species of Halomonas may display pathogenic potential in humans. In one study, three species were isolated from two patients suffering bacteremia in a dialysis center. The study hypothesized that the bicarbonate used in the dialysis fluid may have been contaminated by the bacteria.[4]
Etymology
The name Halomonas derives from: Greek noun hals, halos (ἅλς, ἁλός), salt; and monas (μονάς), nominally meaning "a unit", but in effect meaning a bacterium; thus, salt (-tolerant) monad.[5]
Members of the genus Halomonas can be referred to as halomonads (see Trivialisation of names).
References
- Vreeland, R.H.; Litchfield, C.D.; Martin, E.L.; Elliot, E. (1980). "Halomonas elongata, a new genus and species of extremely salt-tolerant bacteria". Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30 (2): 485–495. doi:10.1099/00207713-30-2-485.
- Vreeland RH (2015). "Halomonas". In Whitman WB (ed.). Bergey's Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. pp. 1–19. doi:10.1002/9781118960608.gbm01190. ISBN 9781118960608.
- Euzeby JP. "Halomonas". LPSN. Retrieved 8 December 2017.
- Stevens, DA; Hamilton, JR; Johnson, N; Kim, KK; Lee, JS (July 2009). "Halomonas, a newly recognized human pathogen causing infections and contamination in a dialysis center: three new species" (PDF). Medicine (Baltimore). 88 (4): 244–9. doi:10.1097/MD.0b013e3181aede29. PMID 19593230.
- Halomonas entry in LPSN; Euzéby, J.P. (1997). "List of Bacterial Names with Standing in Nomenclature: a folder available on the Internet". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 47 (2): 590–2. doi:10.1099/00207713-47-2-590. PMID 9103655.