Hansberry v. Lee

Hansberry v. Lee, 311 U.S. 32 (1940), is a famous case now usually known in civil procedure for teaching that res judicata may not bind a subsequent plaintiff who had no opportunity to be represented in the earlier civil action. The facts of the case dealt with a racially restrictive covenant that barred African Americans from purchasing or leasing land in the Washington Park Subdivision of Chicago's Woodlawn neighborhood. The covenant had been upheld in a prior class action lawsuit, which had included Lee, along with all the other neighborhood landowners, as members of the class. The defense in the present case argued that Carl Augustus Hansberry (father of Lorraine Hansberry) could not contest the covenant because it had already been deemed valid by the courts in the prior lawsuit. The plaintiff's case was successfully argued by civil rights attorney Earl B. Dickerson.

Hansberry v. Lee
Supreme Court of the United States
Argued October 25, 1940 Decided November 12, 1940
Full case name	Hansberry, et al. v. Lee, et al.
Citations	311 U.S. 32 (more) 61 S. Ct. 115; 85 L. Ed. 22
Holding
Res judicata will not preclude a plaintiff who was not a part of a prior class action on the same matter.
Court membership
Chief Justice Charles E. Hughes Associate Justices James C. McReynolds · Harlan F. Stone Owen Roberts · Hugo Black Stanley F. Reed · Felix Frankfurter William O. Douglas · Frank Murphy
Case opinions
Majority	Stone
Concurrence	McReynolds, joined by Roberts
Concurrence	Reed

The United States Supreme Court ruled that since some of the neighborhood landowners (46%) comprising the class of the prior lawsuit did not support the restrictive covenant, the previous decision that the covenant was valid could not apply to all members of that class. In other words, it was erroneous to allow the 54% of neighborhood landowners who had supported the restrictive covenant to represent the interests of the 46% who were against it. Therefore, the Supreme Court held that the restrictive covenant could be contested in court again, even though some of the parties involved may have been included in the prior class of neighborhood landowner.

Later, the type of real property restriction, racially restrictive covenants, was held by Shelley v. Kraemer, 334 U.S. 1 (1948), to be unconstitutional under the Fourteenth Amendment and were therefore legally unenforceable[1] state action, as the private plaintiffs seeking to enforce such a covenant were invoking the machinery of the state.