Haplogroup S-B254

Haplogroup Haplogroup S (M254)
Possible place of origin	Possibly Oceania
Ancestor	K2b1
Descendants	S1 (B255); S2 P378
Defining mutations	B254, Z33355

Haplogroup S also known as S-B254 is a human Y-DNA haplogroup, defined by the SNPs B254 and Z33355.[1] Until 2016, it was known as Haplogroup S1.

S-M254 is the most common haplogroup among males in the Papua New Guinea Highlands. It is also relatively common in some parts of Oceania, Wallacea and among indigenous Australians.

In a major correction to the phylogenetic tree during 2016, Haplogroup S-M230 was "demoted" from the position of basal clade S*, becoming S1a1b, while S-B254 was "promoted" in its place to the level of S*.

It has two primary subclades: S1 (B255) and S2 (P378).[1] The existence of a third subclade, defined by the SNP, P336 has not been confirmed.

Footnotes

International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2017), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015 (24 March 2017).

Phylogenetic tree of human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups [χ 1][χ 2]

A1b

A1b1

F1

F2

F3

GHIJK

I

J

LT [χ 5]

K2 [χ 6]

L

T

K2a [χ 7]

K2b [χ 8]

K2c

K2d

K2e [χ 9]

K-M2313 [χ 10]

K2b1 [χ 11]

P [χ 12]

NO

S [χ 13]

M [χ 14]

P1

P2

Footnotes

Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation. 35 (2): 187–91. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809.
International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)
Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).
Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.
Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.
Between 2002 and 2008, Haplogroup T-M184 was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to K-M526, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.
Haplogroup K2a (M2308) and its primary subclade K-M2313 were separated from Haplogroup NO (F549) in 2016. (This followed the publication of: Poznik GD, Xue Y, Mendez FL, et al. (2016). "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences". Nature Genetics. 48 (6): 593–9. doi:10.1038/ng.3559. PMC 4884158. PMID 27111036. In the past, other haplogroups, including NO (M214) and K2e had also been identified with the name "K2a".
Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.
Haplogroup K2e (K-M147) was previously known as "Haplogroup X" and "K2a" (but is a sibling subclade of the present K2a).
K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik op. cit.; YFull YTree v5.08, 2017, "K-M2335", and; PhyloTree, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" (Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)
Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.
Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.
Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)
Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)

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[isogg2017-1] International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2017), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015 (24 March 2017).

[vanOven2014-2] Van Oven M, Van Geystelen A, Kayser M, Decorte R, Larmuseau HD (2014). "Seeing the wood for the trees: a minimal reference phylogeny for the human Y chromosome". Human Mutation. 35 (2): 187–91. doi:10.1002/humu.22468. PMID 24166809.

[ISOGG2015-3] International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2015. (Access date: 1 February 2015.)

[A0-T-4] Haplogroup A0-T is also known as A-L1085 (and previously as A0'1'2'3'4).

[A1-5] Haplogroup A1 is also known as A1'2'3'4.

[LT-6] Haplogroup LT (L298/P326) is also known as Haplogroup K1.

[K2-7] Between 2002 and 2008, Haplogroup T-M184 was known as "Haplogroup K2". That name has since been re-assigned to K-M526, the sibling of Haplogroup LT.

[K2a-8] Haplogroup K2a (M2308) and its primary subclade K-M2313 were separated from Haplogroup NO (F549) in 2016. (This followed the publication of: Poznik GD, Xue Y, Mendez FL, et al. (2016). "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences". Nature Genetics. 48 (6): 593–9. doi:10.1038/ng.3559. PMC 4884158. PMID 27111036. In the past, other haplogroups, including NO (M214) and K2e had also been identified with the name "K2a".

[K2b-9] Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS.

[K2e-10] Haplogroup K2e (K-M147) was previously known as "Haplogroup X" and "K2a" (but is a sibling subclade of the present K2a).

[K-M2313-11] K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. See: Poznik op. cit.; YFull YTree v5.08, 2017, "K-M2335", and; PhyloTree, 2017, "Details of the Y-SNP markers included in the minimal Y tree" (Access date of these pages: 9 December 2017)

[K2b1-12] Haplogroup K2b1 (P397/P399) is also known as Haplogroup MS, but has a broader and more complex internal structure.

[P-13] Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2.

[S-14] Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. (Previously the name Haplogroup S was assigned to K2b1a4.)

[M-15] Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.)