Harpalinae

Harpalinae is a huge subfamily of ground beetles that contains 20,000 species or ~6,400 spp. in 24 tribes worldwide, according to others.[1] A rarely used common name for the subfamily is the harp beetles . The Harpalinae contain the most apomorphic ground beetles, displaying a wide range of forms and behaviors. Some are, rare among ground beetles, omnivores or even herbivores.

Harpalinae
Undetermined Harpaline
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Family: Carabidae
Subfamily: Harpalinae
Bonelli, 1810
Supertribes

Many closely related subfamilies have been treated as subordinate taxa of the Harpalinae by various authors. Among these are the Dryptinae, Lebiinae (including Cyclosominae, Mormolycinae, Odacanthinae, Perigoninae), Licininae (including Chlaeniinae, Oodinae), Orthogoniinae, Panagaeinae, Platyninae, Pseudomorphinae, Pterostichinae (including Zabrinae). Here, they are considered independent families within the harpaline (sensu lato) assemblage, and this is also tentatively assumed for the enigmatic monotypic genus Ginema.

Systematics

At least 4 large and several smaller supertribes can be distinguished. The former "Pterostichitae" on the other hand seem to be, as presently delimited, a paraphyletic assemblage, but probably also contains a number of tribes closer to each other than to other Harpalinae. The clade around the type genus Pterostichus is thus recognized as subfamily Pterostichinae here.[2]

Genera

The Harpalinae include the following genera:[3]

Harpalus affinis
Chlaenius sp., larva


[4]

Fossil genera

References
  • Carabidae of the World Database (CWD) (2008): Trees of family Carabidae. Retrieved 2008-JUL-24.
  1. Bugguidde.net. Subfamily Harpalinae
  2. CWD (2008)
  3. "Harpalinae Bonelli, 1810". Carabidae of the World. 2012. Retrieved 11 Nov 2012.
  4. "Harpalini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Carabidae: Harpalinae)". Retrieved 14 January 2021.
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