Henry Jones of Oxfordshire

Henry Jones of Asthall Manor (died 1673), Oxfordshire was an officer in the New Model Army during the Interregnum. He transferred to the new small Royalist army of Charles II, serving as a Life Guard until he was dismissed after becoming a Roman Catholic. With King Charles's blessing he raised an English regiment of horse (cavalry) known as English Regiment of Light Horse in France for the French Army of Louis XIV. He was killed in action at the siege of Maastricht.

Early life

Henry Jones was the son of Rice Jones (died probably by 1644) and his wife Jane daughter of Giles Bray of Harrington.[lower-alpha 1][lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3]

Early military career
Further information: English Revolution in the Colonies

Jones[lower-alpha 4] was a captain in, or possibly was major of, John Humphrey's regiment of foot in Barbados and Jamaica in 1655 and 1656. He was lucky to survive service in the West Indies.[5]

Battle of the Dunes

Jones and another officer, Colonel Drummond, accompanied Lord Fauconberg (a son-in-law of the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell). Jones volunteered to join Sir William Lockhart's Brigade which fought alongside the French army at the siege of Dunkirk and at the Battle of the Dunes on 4 June 1658.[lower-alpha 5]

At the Battle of the Dunes Jones was attached to Lockhart's New Model Army regiment. The regiment was under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel Roger Fenwick when it attacked veteran Spanish soldiers ensconced on top of 150 feet (46 m) dune (sand-hill). The sides of the dune were so steep that attacking English had to scramble up on hands and knees. The English, after two volleys and push of pike, drove the Spanish from the crest of the dune and then pursued them down the far side. They were then in turn attacked by Anglo-Spanish cavalry who were unable to break the English formation and were themselves then driven off by French cavalry. By then all the regimental officers were either dead, or wounded.[lower-alpha 6] Jones himself had been, shot through the shoulder and wounded in two other places, but this did not deter him from seizing a loose French cavalry horse and joining the French cavalry in the counter-attack on the Anglo-Spanish cavalry. However, Jones pursued the enemy too far and was captured.[11]

Jones had displayed such valour in this action that on his release from a short captivity (he was part of a prisoner exchange), he was dubbed a knight bachelor by Oliver Cromwell on 17 July 1658 (this honour, like all Protectorate honours, passed into oblivion at the Restoration in May 1660), and was promoted to the lieutenant-colonelcy of John Hewson's infantry regiment.[5]

Hampton Court, July 17.—His Highness [Oliver Cromwell] hath been pleased ... to confer the honor of Knighthood upon Henry Jones, Esq. a gentleman that hath given more then ordinary proofs of high courage in several services; particularly in the late battle near Dunkirk, where, as a volunteer, he performed service on foot, along with that gallant Gentleman Lieutenant-Colonel Roger Fenwick (who sustaining the first fury of the enemy, received his death's-wound, and lies asleep in the bed of honor) in which action the said volunteer was also wounded; and afterwards mounting himself he struck in with the French horse, and among them did farther service against the enemy; whereby he stands a noble example to the young gentry of England.

— Mercurius Politicus, July 15–22.[12]

Restoration

At the Restoration, he found his way into a lieutenant's commission in Lord Hawley's troop in the Royal Horse Guards, probably through the patronage and influence of George Monck and Sir William Lockhart. By 1665 he had risen to captain.[5]

Recusancy

In September 1667 Parliament passed an act that forbade Roman Catholics from being officers in the English Army and on the 26th of that month all Roman Catholics officers were dismissed. Charles II, who recognised that many of the dismissed officers, or their fathers. had been devoted to the Royalist cause during the English Civil War and Interregnum, and was not ungrateful for the loyalty they had shown, so he did his best to make arrangements the affected officers to enter the regiment of Sir George Hamilton in the French army.[13] Jones who must have converted to Roman Catholicism some time before the act of Parliament,[14] was one of those who left England for Service abroad. He may have initially gone to Spain, but then became the lieutenant of Sir George Hamilton's Troop of English Gens d'Armes in the French army. However, he retained his troop in the Royal Horse Guards whilst in France.[5][13]

Regiment of Light Horse, and death

In 1671 Jones obtained permission to expand the Gens d'Armes into a full-sized light cavalry regiment under his own command. The regiment known as Sir Henry Jones's Regiment of Light Horse or the English Regiment of Light Horse in France was about 500 strong. Jones was its first colonel and Ferdinando Lyttelton its first lieutenant-colonel.[15][16] Jones tried to recruit men from his own troop in the Royal Horse Guards; much to his annoyance, there were few volunteers. Jones was killed by a bullet through the throat whilst he was attending the Duke of Monmouth at the siege of Maastricht in 1673.[5]

Family

Jones married Frances, daughter Henry Belasyse (1604–1647). They had a daughter and sole heir: Frances (born March 1667),[3] who married Richard, Viscount Lumley.[17]

Notes
  1. "In 1612 Lenthall sold the manor to Rice Jones (d. 1615) and his son Rice, a minor. The younger Rice presumably came into possession in 1627 on achieving his majority and died probably by 1644. His son Henry was lord in 1654, when he made a conveyance probably in trust. He died in 1673 leaving a daughter, Frances, a minor, who in 1685 married Richard Lumley, Lord Lumley and from 1690 earl of Scarbrough. In 1687 they granted the manor apparently in trust, and in 1687–1688 sold several parcels including Stonelands and probably the manor house and some land. In 1688 they sold the manor, including land and quitrents, to Sir Edmund Fettiplace of Swinbrook, followed by more land in 1689".[1]
  2. "Jane Jones of Asthall, widow of Rice Jones the younger, was subsequently required to pay for ten months towards the maintenance of Gaunt House's new garrison".[2]
  3. "Rice Jones of Asthall; living 1634; mar. Jane da. of Giles Bray of Harrington in Com. Glouc. and had issue III. Sr. HENRY JONES of Asthall knt. will pr. 1673 (P.C.C.) had issue Frances bp. 26 Mar. 1666-7 1 Vis. Ox. p. 292".[3]
  4. "Sir Henry Jones, lord of Asthall Manor by 1654, fought for Oliver Cromwell in the late 1650s and was later a leading commander in Charles II's army, dying at the siege of Maastricht in 1673".[4]
  5. Colonel Drummond was a Scottish officer who served in the English Army—some sources state Drummond was Major General. At the Battle of the Dunes, according to Edmund Ludlow's account it was Drummond on seeing the Lockhart's regiment having pursued the Spanish too far, rode up to the French horse, "and by reproaching them with treachery and negligence, procured a party of horse" to relieve the hard pressed English, and upon whose arrival "the English took fresh courage, renewed their attack, and killed a great number of the enemy". In this engagement Drummond had one horse shot from under him, and after remounting with difficulty, was pushed off by a pike, but he survived battle unharmed.[6][7] His report to General George Monck is one of the primary sources of information about the battle and the gallant actions of Jones.[8] Drummond was mortally wounded just over a week later when on 13 June 1658 (O.S.) as he led a storming party that captured an outlying "work" that command much of Dunkirk. He was "shot in the belly" and at first it was hoped that the wound was not fatal, but the expectation was that he would die; he did so on 28 June (O.S.).[9]
  6. The performance of the Regiment won the red coated English Army renown throughout Europe.[10]
  1. Colvin et al. 2006, pp. 48-55.
  2. Colvin et al. 2006, pp. 37-48.
  3. Bysshe & Squibb 1993, p. 93.
  4. Colvin et al. 2006, pp. 37–48 cites Childs 1990, pp. 278–9; idem., The Army of Charles II (1976), 248.
  5. Royal Historical Society 1882, p. 279.
  6. Ludlow 1894, pp. 4–5.
  7. Thurloe 1742, p. 156 quotes a document with no author written at Mardike 4/14 1658.
  8. Colonel Drummond 1899.
  9. Thurloe 1742, pp. 172, 193, 216.
  10. Davis 1999, p. 225; "The English are generally cried upon for their unparalleled courage" (Lord Fauconberg in a letter to Henry Cromwell dated 8 June 1658 Thurloe 1742, p. 158.
  11. Firth 1909, p. 195–198.
  12. Stace 1810, p. 174.
  13. White-Spunner 2006, pp. 54–57.
  14. "A few recusants were reported in the 17th century, including the lord of Asthall manor Sir Henry Jones, who converted to Catholicism c. 1667" (Colvin et al. 2006a, pp. 65–72).
  15. Childs 2013, p. 34.
  16. The English Brigade.
  17. Rt. Hon. Richard Lord Viscount Lumley and Frances his wife (daughter and sole heir of Sir Henry Jones late of Easthall als. Asthall, co. Oxon.)(British National Archives

References
  • Anonymous, The English Brigade in French Service,Spring 1673 (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-23, retrieved 2013-12-22
  • Bysshe, Sir Edward; Squibb, George Drewry (1993), Squibb, George Drewry (ed.), The visitation of Oxfordshire, 1669 and 1675, Publications of the Harleian Society, Harleian Society, 12, Harleian Society, p. 93, ISBN 9780951333549
  • Childs, John, ed. (1990), "Captain Henry Herbert's Narrative of his Journey through France with his Regiment, 1671–3", Camd. Misc., 4th ser., 39, pp. 278–9, doi:10.1017/S0068690500004621
  • Childs, John (2013) [2006], Army of Charles II, Routledge, pp. 34–35, ISBN 9781134528592
  • Davis, Paul K. (1999), 100 Decisive Battles: From Ancient Times to the Present (illustrated, reprint ed.), Oxford University Press, p. 225, ISBN 9780195143669
  • Colonel Drummond (1899), "Letter from Colonel Drummond to General Monck", in Clarke, Sir William; Firth, C.H. (eds.), The Clarke Papers. Selections from the Papers of William Clarke, Secretary to the Council of the Army, 1647-1649, and to General Monck and the Commanders of the Army in Scotland, 1651-1660, 3 (Four volumes ed.), London: Longmans, Green, and Company
  • Firth, C.H. (1909), The last years of the Protectorate, 2, London, New York: Longmans, Green, pp. 192–199
  • Ludlow, Edmund (1894), Firth, Charles Harding (ed.), The memoirs of Edmund Ludlow, lieutenant-general of the horse in the army of the commonwealth of England, 1625-1672', Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 4–5
  • Stace, Michael, ed. (1810), Cromwelliana: A Chronological Detail of Events in which Oliver Cromwell was Engaged, from the Year 1642 to His Death 1658, with a Continuation of Other Transactions To the Restoration, London, p. 174
  • Colvin, Christina; Cragoe, Carol; Ortenberg, Veronica; Peberdy, R.B.; Selwyn, Nesta; Williamson, Elizabeth (2006), "Asthall: Manors and other estates", in Townley, Simon (ed.), A History of the County of Oxford: Bampton Hundred (Part Three), 15, British History Online, pp. 37-48, 48-55
  • Thurloe, John (1742), Birch, Thomas (ed.), A Collection of the State Papers of John Thurloe ...: 1658 to 1660, executor of F. Gyles, p. 156
  • Colvin, Christina; Cragoe, Carol; Ortenberg, Veronica; Peberdy, R.B.; Selwyn, Nesta; Williamson, Elizabeth (2006a), "Asthall: Religious history", in Townley, Simon (ed.), A History of the County of Oxford: Bampton Hundred (Part Three), 15, British History Online, pp. 65–72
  • White-Spunner, Barney (2006), "Part one: Royal Guard and Standing Army 1660–1685", Horse Guards (illustrated ed.), Pan Macmillan, pp. 54–57, ISBN 9781405055741
Attribution
  • This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Royal Historical Society (1882), The Camden Miscellany, Fourth, 30, Offices of the Royal Historical Society (Great Britain), pp. 278–279
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