Herman Bundesen

Bundensen was appointed as Health Commissioner of Chicago on February 1, 1922, after John Dill Robertson tendered his resignation.[5][10] He had been appointed because of his efforts in combatting the typhoid epidemic.[4]

Early into his tenure, he declared a battle against sexually transmitted disease, controversially advocating for city-funded venereal disease clinics and municipal distribution of prophylactics, and even making them available in brothels.[5][11] Chicago newspapers and medical journals criticized this, arguing that it promoted "immoral" behavior.[11] Despite his stance, he also opposed the opening of the Illinois Birth Control League's first birth control clinic in 1923.[12]

Early into his tenure, he was informed of a child abuser impersonating a dentist and going to public schools claiming to have been sent to examine children. He tracked the imposter to a rooming house, where a woman told him that the man was out. He threatened to arrest the woman in his place, after which she admitted the abuser was hiding in a closet. The Chicago Tribune reported the story under the headline "Dr. Bundesen Nabs Moron Who Hoaxed School".[5]

He launched an infant welfare program, emphasizing parental education. This was responsible for a drastic decrease in infant mortality in Chicago.[4][5] The city also saw a decrease in maternal mortality.[4]

He was successful in decreasing the city's rates of diphtheria.[4]

Bundesen made milk inspection a priority.[4][7] in December 1925, under his urging, the Chicago City Council defied the 1911 ban by the state government of Illinois on tuberculin testing of cattle.[7] In 1926, he had persuaded Illinois dairy farmers to destroy diseased cows, and convinced milk processors to improve their equipment for pasteurizing[4] He also increased the enforcement of pasteurization laws.[7] In the year 1928, the health department conducted 56,127 dairy farm inspections, a more than thirteen-fold increase from the number they had conducted in the year 1920.[7]

During his time in office, he acquired celebrity, often taking photo ops.[5] For instance, he was photographed handing bottles of milk from a railroad boxcar to children during a relief expedition Chicago sent to Miami after the 1926 Miami hurricane.[5] Taking credit for his work, he would often in interviews and appearances call himself the, "savior of babies, friend of mothers, and builder of public health.[4]

Bundesen wrote baby books which became widely sold in the 1920s and 1930s.[4] The Board of Health would also mail free copies to new mothers they identified from the city's birth records.[4]

In 1927, members of the Chicago Sanitary District board accused Bundesen of having spent $248,000 of health department funds "mostly for publicity".[13]

At the start of 1928, Mayor of Chicago William Hale Thompson fired Bundesen after he had refused to add the mayor's campaign literature to packets containing maternity health advice that were disseminated by his office.[4][5][14]

In 1928, running as a Democrat, Bundesen successfully ran for Cook County Coroner; he defeated the incumbent coroner, Oscar Wolf, by a three-to-one margin.[5][4][15] He received in excess of one million votes.[4]

He continued to take opportunities for media attention. He took photo ops after notable murders as well, including the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre and a 1930 mafia slaying of a Chicago Tribune reporter.[5]

He would step down as coroner on November 13, 1931, and would be succeeded as coroner by Frank J. Walsh, the former clerk of the criminal court.[16]

In the 1931 Chicago mayoral election, Bundesen was speculated as a potential independent candidate, but in early March 1931 he declined to run in the April election.[17][18][19] Despite having been rivals of sorts with Democratic nominee Anton Cermak, Bundesen supported him over William Hale Thompson in the election.[20] Later in 1931, he was hired by the newly-elected mayor Cermak to again head serve as Health Commissioner of the City of Chicago.[4][5]

Going off of the 1927 allegations of spending by board of the Chicago Sanitary District made against Bundesen, in 1931, Elmer L. Williams independently published a report accusing Bundesen of multiple improprieties during his time in civil serivce.[13]

This time with national funding and public support, Bundesen was able to better tackle sexually transmitted diseases than he had been in his first tenure.[11] He was successful in decreasing the rates of syphilis.[4]

On May 1932, the Chicago City Council established a five-member board of health, an act which the powers of the Department of Health.[9] Bundesen became president of the Chicago Board of Health, and also retained the position of health comissioner.[9][5]

He continued to focus on his efforts to decrease infant mortality after his return to power.[9] He also focused, again, on combatting impure milk.[9]

Always keen on media attention, in 1933, Bundesen would take the occasion of Cermak's assassination as a photo op.[5]

In 1933, while the city was hosting its Century of Progress world's fair he received national praise for identifying an outbreak of amoebiasis in the city and eradicating it.[4]

In 1936, he ran for the Democratic nomination for governor of Illinois, challenging incumbent governor Henry Horner.[4][5] Bundesen's campaign was supported by the Chicago Democratic political machine, which was seeking to unseat Horner after Horner vetoed a bill supported by political bosses such as mayor Edward J. Kelly that would have allowed bookmakers to operate legally.[5] Kelly calculated that Bundesen's name recognition from his popular baby books could carry him to victory.[5] During the campaign, Horner did not refer to Bundesen by name, and only referred to him as "Kelly's stooge".[5] Horner distributed a rival "baby book" during the campaign.[5] Bundesen, ultimately, was not taken by many as a serious candidate by many, in part due to his unorthodox campaigning style.[4] He would, on the campaign trail across the state, don a monocle and spats while pulling stunts like pounding on his own abdomen in an effort to show his physical fitness.[4] While Bundesen did win Cook County, Horner's support in the rest of the state was enough to carry him to a sizable victory.[21][22]

After losing the Democratic primary for governor, Bundesen returned to his job as the chief health official of Chicago.[5] He continued serving as President of the Chicago Board of Health until his death, and continued to serve as Health Commissioner of Chicago until only months earlier (being succeeded in that position by Samuel L. Andelman in April 1960).[6][4][5][9] Over the years, Bundesen would be regularly speculated as a potential mayoral candidate.[21]

By 1937, his efforts had made Chicago set new record lows for infant mortality rates in a large American city.[9]

In 1937, Bundesen participated in an experimental treatment for a critically-ill infant girl. Sulfanilamide was injected into his bloodstream, given time to produce antibodies, and then his blood was injected into the baby, a treatment that ultimately saved her life.[5]

Bundesen supported Jonas Salk's efforts to eradicate polio.[5] In 1955, Chicago became one of the earliest cities in the United States to introduce Salk's polio vaccine.[11] Bundesen campaigned for total inoculation of all youth.[4]

Bundesen garnered strong repute within his field.[4] He served as president of the American Public Health Association, and as a senior surgeon with the United States Public Health Service.[4]

Bundensen died of pancreatic cancer at Wesley Memorial Hospital in Chicago on August 25, 1960, at the age of 78.[21] The cancer had been detected in April 1960, when Bundsen was having gallbladder operation.[21] He had been in the hospital from then through July 8, when he was released and went to his summer home in Cedar Lake, Indiana.[21] However, he returned to the hospital on July 24.[21]