History of Odessa

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Odessa, Ukraine.

13th to 17th century

1240 - Tatars begin settling herds in the region.
1415 - a settlement of Kachibei (Khadjibey, Hacıbey, Kotsiubiyiv) was first mentioned.[1][2][3]
15th century - Khadjibey ceded to Lithuania.
1529 - Ottoman conquest.

18th century

1764 - Fortress Yeni Dünya built at Khadjibey by Turks.[4][5]
1789 - Russian forces take fortress.[5]
1791 - Khadjibey annexed to Novorossiya.[5]
1794 - Odessa founded by decree of Catherine II of Russia.
1795
- Population: 2,250.[4]
- Cathedral of the Transfiguration founded.[6]

19th century

1802 - Population: 9,000.[7]
1803 - Duc de Richelieu in power.
1804 - Commercial school founded.[7]
1805
- Odessa becomes administrative center of New Russia.[7]
- Theatre opens.[7]
- Russian Orthodox church built.[8]
1808 - Troitzkaya Church active.[6]
1809
- Cathedral built.[4]
- Opera house built.[8]
1812 - Plague.[7]
1814 - Population: 25,000.[4]
1816 - Louis Alexandre Andrault de Langeron in power.
1817 - Richelieu Lyceum established.[8]
1819 - Odessa becomes a free port.[9]
1821
- Church of the Dormition built.
- Pogrom against Jews.
1824 - Odessa becomes "seat of the governors-general of Novorossia and Bessarabia."[4]
1825 - Archeological Museum founded.
1826
- Fyodor Palen in power.
- Jewish school established.[8]
- Richelieu Monument unveiled.
1828 - Imperial Rural Association for Southern Russia founded.[10]
1830
- Public library established.[11]
- Vorontsov Palace built.
1838 - Plague.[12]
1841 - Giant Staircase constructed.
1846 - Londonskaya Hotel opens.
1847 - Novobazarnaya Church built.[6]
1850 - Population: 100,000.[4]
1853
- Crimean War begins.
- Roman Catholic Church rebuilt.[6]
1854 - Anglo-French fleet attacks Odessa.
1856 - Russian Steam Navigation and Trading Company established.
1857 - August 15: Free port status revoked.[9]
1859 - Pogrom against Jews.
1862
- Odessa Military District established.
- Vorontsov Lighthouse built.
1865 - Imperial Novorossiya University established.[4]
1866 - Odessa-Balta railway begins operating.[4]
1871
- Pogrom against Jews.[8]
- Russian Technical Society, Odessa branch, founded.
1873 - Population: 162,814.[13]
1874 - Theatre Velikanova built.
1875 - Tzar visits Odessa.[6]
1876 - Turkish forces attack Odessa.[4]
1880 - Horse tramway begins operating.
1881
- Steam tramway begins operating.
- Pogrom against Jews.
1882 - Population: 217,000.[14]
1887 - Theatre built.[15]
1894 - Odessa Committee of the Social Democratic Workers Party organized.[16]
1895 - St. Panteleimon church consecrated.
1897 - Lutheran Church built.[6]
1899
- General Post Office built.[6]
- Exchange built.[6]
- Bristol Hotel opens.
1900 - Population: 449,673.[4]

20th century

1902 - Cadet School active.[6]
1905
- June: Potemkin uprising.
- Pogrom against Jews.[16]
1906
- Uprising.[4]
- Municipal Library built.[6]
1907 - Myrograph film studio in business.
1910
- Electric Tram begins operating.[17]
- Trade fair held.
1913
- Conservatoire founded.[6]
- Sergiyev Artillery School active.[6]
- Population: 631,040.[18]
1917 - City occupied by Ukrainian Tsentral'na Rada, French Army, Red Army, and White Army following the Bolshevik Revolution.
1918
- 13 March: Odessa occupied by Central Powers.[19]
- Odessa becomes capital of Odessa Soviet Republic.
- Polytechnic University established.
- December : Odessa occupied by the French Army
1919 - Odessa Film Studio founded.
1920 - Red Army in power.
1921 - Odessa State Economics University established.
1922
- Odessa State Medical Institute established.
- Odessa Zoo opens.
1924 - Odessa Philharmonic Theater opens.
1926 - State Odessa Russian Drama Theatre established.
1928 - Spartak Stadium opens.
1933 - School of Stolyarsky established.
1935 - Kosior Memorial Stadium built.
1936
- The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases & Tissue Therapy founded.
- Dynamo football club formed.
1941
- August 8-October 16: Siege of Odessa.
- October 17: Axis occupation begins.
- October 22–24: 1941 Odessa massacre.
- Odessa becomes capital of Romanian-administered Transnistria Governorate.
1944
- April 10: Red Army takes city; Axis occupation ends.
- ODO Odessa football team active.
- Odessa State Maritime Academy founded.
1945 - Odessa designated a Hero City of the USSR.
1952 - Railway Station rebuilt.
1961
- Odesa International Airport built.
- Pushkin Museum opens.
1963 - Avangard rugby club formed.
1965 - Population: 735,000.[20]
1973 - April 10: Humorina festival begins.[21]
1979 - Population: 1,072,000.[22]
1984 - Deribasivska Street pedestrianized.
1985 - Population: 1,126,000.[23]
1989 - Outdoor market relocates to Odessa-Ovidiopol highway.
1992 - BIPA-Moda basketball club formed.
1994
- Eduard Gurwits becomes mayor.
- New music festival begins.[24]
1998 - Rouslan Bodelan becomes mayor.
1999 - Odessa Numismatics Museum established.
2000 - Quarantine Pier designated free economic zone and port.

21st century

2001 - Al-Salam Mosque opens.
2003 - Rebuilt Odessa Cathedral consecrated.
2005 - Eduard Gurwits becomes mayor again.[25]
2007 - Privoz Market rebuilt.
2010 - Odessa International Film Festival begins.
2011
- Chornomorets Stadium built.
- FC SKA Odesa formed.
- Aleksey Kostusyev becomes mayor.[26]
- Population: 1,003,705.
2014 - 2014 Odessa clashes.[27]
2014 - after Crimea annexation by Russia, Odesa become the main naval base of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.[28]

References

"ОДЕСІ-600. О.В. Болдирєв : Мемуары об Одессе, проза, поэзия, живопись : Одессика - энциклопедия об Одессе". odessa.club.com.ua. Retrieved 2020-04-09.
"Історія Одеси". web.archive.org. 2013-12-02. Retrieved 2020-04-09.
State Institute of History of Ukraine. "Одеса". Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine (in Ukraininan). Retrieved 2020-04-09.
Britannica 1910.
Murray 1868.
Baedeker 1914.
Meakin 1906.
Zipperstein 1982.
Herlihy 1973.
Department of Agrigulture Ministry of Crown Domains for the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago (1893), The Industries of Russia: Agriculture and Forestry, 3, St. Petersburg
"Leading Libraries of the World: Russia and Finland". American Library Annual. New York: R.R. Bowker Co. 1916. pp. 477–478.
Koch 1855.
"Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1880. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590436.
"Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1885. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590469.
"Aged Beauty Gets a Face Lift From a Geologist". New York Times. November 1, 1999.
"Odessa". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. New York: Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Archived from the original on October 2014.
http://www.odessapage.com/new/en/node/807
"Russia: Principal Towns: European Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
Stephen Pope; Elizabeth-Anne Wheal (1995). "Select Chronology". Dictionary of the First World War. Macmillan. p. 523+. ISBN 978-0-85052-979-1.
"Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.
"New York Times". 1 April 2013.
Henry W. Morton and Robert C. Stuart, ed. (1984). The Contemporary Soviet City. New York: M.E. Sharpe. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-87332-248-5.
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
Thea Derks (1998). "Odessa". Tempo. New Series, No. 206.
"Odessa Mayor". Odessa City Council. Archived from the original on August 14, 2009.
"Odessa Mayor". Odessa City Council. Archived from the original on September 30, 2011.
"Ukraine Crisis: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 28 February 2015.
"Будівництво бази Військово-морських Сил України в Одесі". Український мілітарний портал (in Russian). 2017-03-19. Retrieved 2020-04-09.

Bibliography

Published before 1950

H. A. S. Dearborn (1819), "Odessa", A Memoir on the Commerce and Navigation of the Black Sea, Boston: Wells & Lilly
Charles Sicard (1819), An Account of Odessa, Newport, R.I., USA: Printed by William Simons, OL 24661988M
Robert Bremner (1840), "Odessa", Excursions in the interior of Russia (2nd ed.), London: H. Colburn
"Odessa", Hand-book for Northern Europe; including Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia (New ed.), London: John Murray, 1849
Anatole de Demidoff (1853), "Odessa", Travels in southern Russia and the Crimea, London: J. Mitchell, OCLC 14437725
Alden, Henry Mills; Allen, Frederick Lewis; Hartman, Lee Foster; Wells, Thomas Bucklin (1854). "The Steppes, Odessa, and the Crimea". Harper's New Monthly Magazine.
Charles W. Koch (1855), The Crimea: with a visit to Odessa, London: Routledge, OCLC 12097882, OL 23534204M
"Odessa". Hand-book for Travellers in Russia, Poland, and Finland (2nd ed.). London: John Murray. 1868.
John Ramsay McCulloch (1877), "Odessa", in Hugh G. Reid (ed.), A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., hdl:2027/njp.32101079877088 – via Hathi Trust
Annette M. B. Meakin (1906). "Odessa". Russia, Travels and Studies. London: Hurst and Blackett. OCLC 3664651.
"Odessa", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424 – via Internet Archive
William Eleroy Curtis (1911). "Odessa". Around the Black Sea. New York: Hodder & Stoughton. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t3222tf2d.
Ruth Kedzie Wood (1912). "Odessa". The Tourist's Russia. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company. OCLC 526774.
"Odessa". Russia. Leipzig: Karl Baedeker. 1914. OCLC 1328163.

Published since 1950

Dzhumyga, Ievgen.Dzhumyga, Ievgen. "The Home Front In Odessa During The Great War (July 1914–February 1917): The Gender Aspect Of The Problem." Danubius 31 (2013):pp 223+ online
Patricia Herlihy (1973). "Odessa: Staple Trade and Urbanization in New Russia". Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas. Neue Folge, Bd. 21.
Steve J. Zipperstein (1982). "Jewish Enlightenment in Odessa: Cultural Characteristics, 1794-1871". Jewish Social Studies. 44 (1): 19–36. JSTOR 4467153.
Herlihy, Patricia. "The ethnic composition of the city of Odessa in the nineteenth century." Harvard Ukrainian Studies 1.1 (1977): 53–78.

External links

New York Public Library. Images related to Odessa, various dates.

Images

Map of Odessa region, 1809
Odessa, 1830s
Odessa, 1850s
Port Practique, Odessa, ca.1890s
Unveiling of Catherine II monument, 1900
Odessa, 1917

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[1] "ОДЕСІ-600. О.В. Болдирєв : Мемуары об Одессе, проза, поэзия, живопись : Одессика - энциклопедия об Одессе". odessa.club.com.ua. Retrieved 2020-04-09.

[2] "Історія Одеси". web.archive.org. 2013-12-02. Retrieved 2020-04-09.

[3] State Institute of History of Ukraine. "Одеса". Encyclopedia of the History of Ukraine (in Ukraininan). Retrieved 2020-04-09.

[FOOTNOTEBritannica1910-4] Britannica 1910.

[FOOTNOTEMurray1868-5] Murray 1868.

[FOOTNOTEBaedeker1914-6] Baedeker 1914.

[FOOTNOTEMeakin1906-7] Meakin 1906.

[FOOTNOTEZipperstein1982-8] Zipperstein 1982.

[FOOTNOTEHerlihy1973-9] Herlihy 1973.

[10] Department of Agrigulture Ministry of Crown Domains for the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago (1893), The Industries of Russia: Agriculture and Forestry, 3, St. Petersburg

[11] "Leading Libraries of the World: Russia and Finland". American Library Annual. New York: R.R. Bowker Co. 1916. pp. 477–478.

[FOOTNOTEKoch1855-12] Koch 1855.

[13] "Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1880. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590436.

[14] "Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1885. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590469.

[15] "Aged Beauty Gets a Face Lift From a Geologist". New York Times. November 1, 1999.

[yivo-16] "Odessa". Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe. New York: Yivo Institute for Jewish Research. Archived from the original on October 2014.

[17] ttp://www.odessapage.com/new/en/node/807

[18] "Russia: Principal Towns: European Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.

[19] Stephen Pope; Elizabeth-Anne Wheal (1995). "Select Chronology". Dictionary of the First World War. Macmillan. p. 523+. ISBN 978-0-85052-979-1.

[20] "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.

[21] "New York Times". 1 April 2013.

[Morton1984-22] Henry W. Morton and Robert C. Stuart, ed. (1984). The Contemporary Soviet City. New York: M.E. Sharpe. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-87332-248-5.

[23] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.

[24] Thea Derks (1998). "Odessa". Tempo. New Series, No. 206.

[25] "Odessa Mayor". Odessa City Council. Archived from the original on August 14, 2009.

[26] "Odessa Mayor". Odessa City Council. Archived from the original on September 30, 2011.

[bbc-crisis-27] "Ukraine Crisis: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 28 February 2015.

[28] "Будівництво бази Військово-морських Сил України в Одесі". Український мілітарний портал (in Russian). 2017-03-19. Retrieved 2020-04-09.

Years in Ukraine (1917–present)
UNR	1917 1918 1919 1920 1921
Soviet Ukraine	1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990
Independent	1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
List Category

Black Sea
Countries bordering the Black Sea	Abkhazia¹ Bulgaria Georgia Romania Russia Turkey Ukraine
Cities	Batumi Burgas Constanța Giresun Hopa Istanbul Kerch Mangalia Năvodari Novorossiysk Odessa Ordu Poti Rize Samsun Sevastopol Sochi Sukhumi¹ Trabzon Varna Yalta Zonguldak
¹ Disputed statehood — partial international recognition, but considered by most countries to be Georgian territory.