Hugh Aston

On 27 November 1510 he supplicated for the degree of BMus at Oxford University, proposing for his examination an oration on the volumes of Boethius, and the submission (and performance) of a mass and an antiphon.[5] He stated that he had studied music in the University Music School for eight years. Presumably his study of Boethius was of the 6th century philosopher's De Institutione Musica, which had been published in Venice in 1491 and 1492 (one of the first musical works to be published).[6] The University records show that his examination was successful,[7] and the University ordered that the University Proctors supervising the examination should retain the two manuscripts. It seems most likely that these were Aston's five part Missa Te Deum Laudamus and the clearly associated antiphon Te Deum Laudamus. Though the original manuscripts are not in Music School archives today, excellent early copies of ca. 1528–30 almost certainly made for Cardinal's College (now Christ Church) Oxford are in the Forrest-Heather Part Books[8] now in the Bodleian Library, Oxford.

After 1510 he may have lived in London, and it is suggested that he may have had some association with the court of Henry VIII. In 1517 he is recorded in the Leicester Borough Records Hall Book as being admitted as a 'Freeman and Burgess of the Borough of Leicester'.[9] The brief entry reads, "Hugo Aston de eadem gent". The de eadem means 'of the same' referring to the column heading 'de Leicester', meaning he was born in Leicester. The absence of any qualification shows he was a freeman 'as of right', as the son of a freeman. The term 'gent' (Gentleman) is unusual as it would normally state a person's trade or profession. Rather than implying nobility, in this instance it would seem to be acknowledging his status as a university graduate.[2] In 1520/21 he was paid by the Dean and Chapter of the Collegiate Church of St Mary, Warwick, to advise on the purchase and installing of a new organ. With the pre-1528 Newarke College account books missing from the records, the earliest documentation for Aston's role as choir-master at Leicester is found in the Lincoln Diocesan Records. Aston was called to give testimony as part of Bishop Longland's Visitation on 27 & 28 November 1525. Amongst the long list of injunctions contained in the Bishop's response was a requirement that the Dean and Canons appoint choral vicars of proper competance and suitability, and not appoint 'unteachable' boy choristors.[10] Also during 1525 the same Bishop Longland had recommended Aston to Cardinal Wolsey as a candidate for founder director of music at his new Cardinal's College, Oxford, (now Christ Church College and Cathedral). However Longland had to report that Hugh Aston preferred to stay in Leicester 'considering his greate wages which he alligith in perpetuity' (i.e. he claims they were promised to him for life).[11] Wolsey appointed John Taverner to the Oxford post instead.

From 1531 there are Duchy of Lancaster account books showing that Hugh Aston's 'greate wages' amounted to £10 per year, and rose to £12 from 1539.[12] His appointment in Leicester was that of Keeper of the Organs and Magister Choristerorum (Master of the Choristers) at the major Royal foundation, the Hospital and College of St Mary of the Annunciation. This was first established by Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster in 1330, and re-endowed and substantially enlarged by his son Henry, 4th Earl and later 1st Duke of Lancaster under a Charter of 24 March 1355/6. Later known as The Newarke, the institution had a Dean and twelve Canons (later termed Prebends), thirteen Vicars-Choral, four Lay Clerks and six (boy) choristers. By the late 15th century it had achieved a high status and musical reputation and had acquired the privilege, apparently shared only with the Chapels Royal, of having the right to recruit outstanding musicians and singers from other institutions without their consent, in other words to poach the very best musicians of the country. From 1528

The Charters required among many other things the use of the Salisbury ("Sarum") Rite, a daily sung Mass in honour of Our Lady, and also the singing of Matins, a High Mass and Vespers on more than two dozen high feasts, led by the Dean in Choir, so there would have been a heavy musical programme for the choir of around sixteen (including at least some of the Vicars) and its musical director. In addition to his annual wage Aston, also referred to in some documents as a singer and organist, was entitled to receive further significant payments for additional services such as funerals. He also appears to have been retained by six other Midland religious houses: Sulby and Pipewell in Northamptonshire; the abbeys at Coventry and Kenilworth in Warwickshire, and the Leicestershire abbeys of Launde and Leicester Abbey.[13]

Just 18 months after Aston's retirement the final dissolution of the Newarke Choral Foundation took place at Easter 1548. The almshouse with its chapel was re-branded as 'Trinity Hospital' but the Collegiate Church was demolished along with most of the college buildings. Hugh Aston, on the other hand, continued to live in what appears to have been the official residence of the choir-master. This was a substantial property fronting onto Southgates Street directly opposite the main gate into the Newarke (The Magazine Gateway).[12] On retirement he received not only a £12-a-year pension in respect of his Newarke College office, which was honoured by the state following the Dissolution, but he also received further pensions totalling £6 13s. 4d. in respect of loss of office at the six other suppressed choral institutions. Furthermore, he had been granted a life tenancy on the Southgates property, with its with barns, gardens and paddocks, and his wife, Elizabeth Aston, had been awarded the right to a 21 year lease to commence on the death of her husband.[14] With the lease transferred to their son Robert Aston, and subsequent renegotiations with the Duchy of Lancaster and the Burough Council, the property remained the family home until at least 1595[15] and possibly into their grandson's time in the early 17th century.

Before 1530 Hugh Aston was already representing the Southgates Ward in which he lived as a member of the Town council and later as a Borough Alderman, and by 1550 the Ward was even being referred to in the Leicester Borough Records as "the Ward of Mr Hugh Aston". From 1532 he was a Justice of the Peace, Coroner for two years, Auditor of Accounts for a total of 16 years, Mayor for 1541–1542, one of the two Members of Parliament for the Borough for the 1555 Parliament,[16] and remained an Alderman to his death.