Human-to-primate transmission

Human-to-primate transmission (HPT) is a seldom-remarked epidemiologic vector. It is by definition a cross-species transmission vector.

Synopsis

Unsupervised HPT

In 1998, The Zoonotic Importance of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: Transmission From Human to Monkey was noticed.[1]

In 2001, scientists noticed that antibodies peculiar to humans were found in macaque monkeys, both wild and domesticated. Of the panel of human viruses studied, measles, influenza A, and parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3 were found in some of the studied animals.[2]

In 2006, scientists noticed HPT of measles, rubella, and parainfluenza in the case of performing monkeys, who are "a common phenomena in Asia".[3]

In 2015 and again in 2016, scientists found that HPT likely had occurred in the case of Staphylococcus aureus.[4][5]

In 2018, scientists speculated that HPT was likely to have occurred in the case of human malaria parasites.[6]

Also in 2018, scientists speculated that an outbreak of tuberculosis among a closed breeding colony of Aotus monkeys was likely due to continuing intermittent HPT exposure.[7]

References
  1. Michel, A.L.; Huchzermeyer, H.F.A.K. (1998). "The zoonotic importance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis : Transmission from human to monkey : Case report". Journal of the South African Veterinary Association. 69 (2): 64–5. doi:10.4102/jsava.v69i2.819. PMID 9760401.
  2. Jones-Engel, Lisa; Engel, Gregory A.; Schillaci, Michael A.; Babo, Rosnany; Froehlich, Jeffery (2001). "Detection of antibodies to selected human pathogens among wild and pet macaques (Macaca tonkeana) in Sulawesi, Indonesia". American Journal of Primatology. 54 (3): 171–178. doi:10.1002/ajp.1021. PMID 11443632.
  3. Schillaci, M. A.; Jones-Engel, L.; Engel, G. A.; Kyes, R. C. (2006). "Exposure to human respiratory viruses among urban performing monkeys in Indonesia". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 75 (4): 716–9. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2006.75.716. PMID 17038700.
  4. Schaumburg, Frieder; Pauly, Maude; Anoh, Etile; Mossoun, Arsene; Wiersma, Lidewij; Schubert, Grit; Flammen, Arnaud; Alabi, Abraham S.; Muyembe-Tamfum, Jean-Jacques; Grobusch, Martin P.; Karhemere, Stomy; Akoua-Koffi, Chantal; Couacy-Hymann, Emmanuel; Kremsner, Peter G.; Mellmann, Alexander; Becker, Karsten; Leendertz, Fabian H.; Peters, Georg (2015). "Staphylococcus aureus complex from animals and humans in three remote African regions". Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 21 (4): 345.e1–345.e8. doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2014.12.001. PMID 25596779.
  5. Senghore, Madikay; Bayliss, Sion C.; Kwambana-Adams, Brenda A.; Foster-Nyarko, Ebenezer; Manneh, Jainaba; Dione, Michel; Badji, Henry; Ebruke, Chinelo; Doughty, Emma L.; Thorpe, Harry A.; Jasinska, Anna J.; Schmitt, Christopher A.; Cramer, Jennifer D.; Turner, Trudy R.; Weinstock, George; Freimer, Nelson B.; Pallen, Mark J.; Feil, Edward J.; Antonio, Martin (2016). "Transmission of Staphylococcus aureus from Humans to Green Monkeys in the Gambia as Revealed by Whole-Genome Sequencing". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 82 (19): 5910–5917. doi:10.1128/AEM.01496-16. PMID 27474712.
  6. Rodrigues, Priscila T.; Valdivia, Hugo O.; De Oliveira, Thais C.; Alves, João Marcelo P.; Duarte, Ana Maria R. C.; Cerutti-Junior, Crispim; Buery, Julyana C.; Brito, Cristiana F. A.; De Souza, Júlio César; Hirano, Zelinda M. B.; Bueno, Marina G.; Catão-Dias, José Luiz; Malafronte, Rosely S.; Ladeia-Andrade, Simone; Mita, Toshihiro; Santamaria, Ana Maria; Calzada, José E.; Tantular, Indah S.; Kawamoto, Fumihiko; Raijmakers, Leonie R. J.; Mueller, Ivo; Pacheco, M. Andreina; Escalante, Ananias A.; Felger, Ingrid; Ferreira, Marcelo U. (2018). "Human migration and the spread of malaria parasites to the New World". Scientific Reports. 8: 1993. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.1993R. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-19554-0. PMID 29386521.
  7. Obaldía, Nicanor; Nuñez, Marlon; Montilla, Santiago; Otero, William; Marin, Jose Camilo (2018). "Tuberculosis (TB) outbreak in a closed Aotus monkey breeding colony: Epidemiology, diagnosis and TB screening using antibody and interferon-gamma release testing". Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 58: 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2018.06.007. PMID 30245044.
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