Hydrogen highway

A hydrogen highway is a chain of hydrogen-equipped public filling stations, along a road or highway, that allows hydrogen powered cars to travel.[1] It is an element of the hydrogen infrastructure that is generally assumed to be a pre-requisite for mass utilization of hydrogen cars. For instance, William Clay Ford Jr. has stated that infrastructure is one of three factors (also including costs and manufacturability in high volumes) that hold back the marketability of fuel cell cars.

Supply issues, cost and pollution

Hydrogen fueling stations generally receive deliveries of hydrogen by tanker truck from hydrogen suppliers.[2] An interruption at a hydrogen supply facility can shut down multiple hydrogen fueling stations.[3] A hydrogen fueling station costs between $1 million and $4 million to build.[4]

As of 2019, 98% of hydrogen is produced by steam methane reforming, which emits carbon dioxide.[5] The bulk of hydrogen is also transported in trucks, so pollution is emitted in its transportation.[2]

Existing public stations
Main article: Hydrogen station

Asia

At the end of 2012 there were 17 private hydrogen stations.[6] In 2014, Japan got its first commercial hydrogen fueling station.[7]

As of June 2020, there were 178 publicly available hydrogen fuel stations in operation in Asia.[8] 114 of these were in Japan.[9]

Europe

As of November 2014, there were 27 publicly available hydrogen fuel stations in operation in Western Europe.[10] As of June 2020, there were more than 177 stations in Europe and 43 under construction; about half of these were in Germany.[11][12][13]

United States

In 2013, The New York Times reported that there were "10 hydrogen stations available to the public in the United States: one in Columbia, S.C., eight in Southern California and the one in Emeryville, California".[14] As of August 2020, there were 44 publicly accessible hydrogen refueling stations in the US, 42 of which were located in California.[15]

See also

References
  1. Al-Ahmed, Amir, Safdar Hossain, Bello Mukhtar et al. "Hydrogen highway: An overview", IEEE.org, December 2010
  2. "Transportable Hydrogen Dispensing", Protium.aero, May 2, 2016
  3. Woodrow, Melanie. "Bay Area experiences hydrogen shortage after explosion", ABC news, June 3, 2019
  4. "Review of Transportation Hydrogen Infrastructure Performance and Reliability". National Renewable Energy Laboratory. 2019. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  5. "Realising the hydrogen economy", Power Technology, October 11, 2019
  6. "fuelcellinsider.org - Index". Retrieved 4 October 2016.
  7. "Japan gets its first commercial hydrogen station for vehicles". The Japan Times Online. 14 July 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
  8. ""In 2019, 83 new hydrogen refuelling stations worldwide/"". Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  9. ""In 2019, 83 new hydrogen refuelling stations worldwide/"". Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  10. Ayre, James. "Toyota to Lose $100,000 On Every Hydrogen FCV Sold?", CleanTechnica.com, November 19, 2014
  11. "Filling up with H2". 2020-06-10. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  12. "About | Hydrogen Mobility Europe". h2me.eu. Retrieved 2020-03-24.
  13. https://fuelcellsworks.com/news/in-2019-83-new-hydrogen-refuelling-stations-worldwide/. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  14. Berman, Bradley. "Fuel Cells at Center Stage", New York Times, November 24, 2013, p. AU1
  15. Alternative Fueling Station Counts by State, Alternative Fuels Data Center, accessed August 31, 2020
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