Ibn al-Jazari

Abu al-Khayr Shams al-Din Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Yusuf al-Jazari (Arabic: أبو الخير شمس الدين محمد بن محمد بن محمد بن علي بن يوسف الجزري‎, 26 November 1350– 2 December 1429) was a distinguished and prolific scholar in the field of the qira'at of the Qur'an, whom al-Suyuti regarded as the "ultimate authority on these matters".[6] His works on tajwid and qira'at are considered classics.[7] The nisba (attributive title), Jazari, denotes an origin from Jazirat ibn 'Umar.[8]

Muhammad ibn Muhammad Ibn al-Jazari
محمد ابن محمد الجزری
TitleShaykh al-qurrāʼ[1]
Muqriʼ al-Mamālīk[2]
Al-Imām al-Aʻẓam[3]
Al-Hafiz
Personal
Born26 November 1350
25 Ramadan 751 AH[4]
Damascus, Syria[4]
Died2 December 1429
5 Rabi' al-awwal 833 AH[4] (aged 79)
Shiraz, Iran[4]
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni
JurisprudenceShafi'i
CreedAshari[5]
Main interest(s)Qira'at, Tajwid, Hadith, History, Fiqh
Muslim leader

Biography

Al-Jazari was born in Damascus on Friday 26 November 1350 (25 Ramadan 751 AH), at a time where his parents were long past the age of having children, yet his father (a merchant), had not given up all hope of having a child even after 40 years of marriage. It is said that Al-Jazari was born after his father's prayers for a son during the Hajj.[4]

He completed the memorization of the Qur'an at the age of 13 and learned the art of Qur'anic recitation at an early age. In Damascus, al-Jazari founded and headed Dar al-Qur'an, a school that specialized in Qur'anic sciences. He travelled to Mecca, Medina, Cairo and Alexandria where he took knowledge from its scholars and in 774 AH, he was authorized by his teacher Ibn Kathir to issue verdicts in Islamic law. He served as a qadi (judge) of Damascus in 793 AH and later in Shiraz where he died.

He wrote two large poems about Qira'at and tajwid. One was Durrat Al-Maa'nia (Arabic: الدرة المعنية‎) , in the readings of three major reciters, added to the seven in the Shatibiyyah, making it ten. The other is Tayyibat An-Nashr (Arabic: طيبة النشر‎), which is 1014 lines on the ten major reciters in great detail, of which he also wrote a commentary.

Al-Jazri died at the age of 79 on Friday 2 December 1429 (5 Rabi' al-awwal 833 AH) in Shiraz, Iran.

Selected Works

Al-Jazari compiled more than 90 works on qira'at (readings), ḥadīth (traditions), ta’rīkh (history) and other disciplines. These include:

  • Taḥbīr al-taysīr fī qirāʼāt al-ʻashr (تحبير التيسير في قراءات العشر)
  • Taqrīb al-Nashr fī al-qirāʼāt al-ʻashr (تقريب النشر في القراءات العشر)
  • Al-Tamhīd fī ʻilm al-tajwīd (التمهيد في علم التجويد)
  • Ṭayyibat al-nashr fī al-qirāʼāt al-ʻashr (طيبة النشر في القراءات العشر)
  • Munjid al-Muqriʼīn wa-murshid al-ṭālibīn (منجد المقرئين ومرشد الطالبين)
  • Ghāyat al-Nihāyah fī Ṭabaqāt al-Qurrāʻ (غاية النهاية في طبقات القرآء) Lexicon of the Holy Qur’ān’s Reciters [9]

See also

Notes
  1. Arabic: شيخ القراء‎
  2. Arabic: مقرئ المماليك‎
  3. Arabic: الإمام الأعظم‎, a title given to him by the people of Shiraz
  4. Ḥāfiẓ, Muḥammad Muṭīʻ (1995). Shaykh al-qurrāʼ al-Imām Ibn al-Jazarī (751–833). Dār al-Fikr al-Muʻāṣir. pp. 7–11.
  5. Shah, Mustafa (2010). The Hạdīth: Codification, authenticity. Routledge. p. 30. ISBN 9780415476195.
  6. Semaan, Khalil I (1968). Linguistics in the Middle Ages: Phonetic studies in early Islam. E. J. Brill. p. 34.
  7. Nelson, Kristina (2001). The art of reciting the Qur'an. American Univ in Cairo Press. p. 88.
  8. Sarton, George (1962). Introduction to the History of Science (3 Vols. in 5). Krieger Pub Co. p. 1455.
  9. Ibn al-Jazarī, Shamsuddīn (1971). Bergsträsser, G. (ed.). Ghāyat al-Nihāyah fī Ṭabaqāt al-Qurrā' (in Arabic). I. Beirut: Dar al-Kotob al-Ilmiyah.
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