Interior of a Restaurant in Arles

While certainly a representation of diners in Arles (regardless of the cafe), in his article Van Gogh's Last Supper: Transforming "the guise of observable reality," [5] Baxter argues this is van Gogh's initial attempt in creating a Symbolist or sacred realism [6] Last Supper:

There are a number of similarities between this painting and Renaissance Last Suppers. In the center is a serving figure. Most of the diners are stretched along the far side of the table. Three wine carafes feature prominently in the foreground. Admittedly, not much, but it is a start ...

Although Hulsker argued that determining whether this or its sister painting came first would be speculation,[Notes 1][3] Baxter offers the following argument: the second version is painted in a Cloisonnist style, giving it a stained glass window effect, a suitable medium for a Last Supper painting; and van Gogh has made a number of changes to the final version, most notably: adding bread and placing a new wine bottle before the central serving figure, giving it emphasis. Furthermore, van Gogh added more diners, including the figure hiding behind, what was once a vase of flowers, now appears to be a palm frond. Also, the flower arrangement on the left now resembles the top of a poll axe and is at about the same position where Simon Peter wields a blade in Leonardo da Vinci's version. But most importantly, right next to it, van Gogh has replicated Leonardo's leaning image of the apostle John, van Gogh's favorite.[7]

Finally, van Gogh has enframed a female serving figure within vases of flowers, a motif he would return to months later with his Berceuse triptych.[8] And lastly, all the empty chairs, which can be immediately recognizable from Vincent’s Chair, also his Bedroom in Arles, and he'd just bought twelve to furnish the Yellow House literally hours before beginning his final Symbolist's Last Supper Café Terrace at Night[9]