Israeli new shekel

The Israeli new shekel (Hebrew: שֶׁקֶל חָדָשׁ sheqel ẖadash; Arabic: شيكل جديد šēkal jadīd; sign: ; code: ILS), also known as simply the Israeli shekel (Hebrew: שקל ישראלי, Arabic: شيكل إسرائيلي), is the currency of Israel and is also used as a legal tender in the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The new shekel is divided into 100 agora. The new shekel has been in use since 1 January 1986, when it replaced the hyperinflated old shekel at a ratio of 1000:1.

Israeli new shekel
  • שקל חדש (Hebrew)
  • شيكل جديد (Arabic)
New shekel banknotes (Current Series C)
ISO 4217
CodeILS
Number376
Denominations
Subunit
1100agora
Plural
  • shekels
  • sheqalim
agora
  • agoras
  • agorot
Symbol
Banknotes
Freq. used₪20, ₪50, ₪100, ₪200
Rarely used₪5, ₪10
Coins
Freq. used10 agorot, 1/2 shekel, ₪1, ₪2, ₪5, ₪10
Rarely used1 agora, 5 agorot
Demographics
User(s) Israel
 Palestinian Authority[1]
Issuance
Central bankBank of Israel
Websiteboi.org.il
PrinterOrell Füssli[2]
MintKOMSCO[3]
Valuation
Inflation1.2%
SourceBank of Israel, October 2018[4]

The currency sign for the new shekel is a combination of the first Hebrew letters of the words shekel (ש) and ẖadash (ח) (new). It was previously known as the new Israeli shekel and the non-official abbreviation of NIS (ש"ח and ش.ج) is still commonly used domestically to denominate prices and also appears on the Bank of Israel's web site. However, the official international currency code of the Israeli new shekel is ILS, as set by the International Organization for Standardization under ISO 4217.

History

The origin of the name "shekel" (שֶׁקֶל) is from the ancient Biblical currency by the same name. An early Biblical reference is Abraham being reported to pay "four hundred shekels of silver" to Ephron the Hittite for the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron.[5] Shekel is any of several ancient units of weight or of currency in ancient Israel, from the Hebrew root ש-ק-ל (š-q-l) meaning 'weigh' (שָׁקַל šaqal 'to weigh', שֶׁקֶל šeqel 'a standard weight'), common with other Semitic languages like Akkadian (resp. šaqālu and šiqlu)[6] and Aramaic (resp. תְּקַל teqal and תִּקְלָא tiqla).[7] Initially, it may have referred to a weight of barley. In ancient Israel, the shekel was known to be about 180 grains (11 grams or .35 troy ounces).

From the formation of the modern State of Israel on 14 May 1948 through 1952 banknotes continued to be issued by the Anglo-Palestine Bank as the Palestine pound which was pegged to the British Pound.[8] In 1952, the Anglo-Palestine Bank changed its name to Bank Leumi Le-Yisrael (National Bank of Israel) and the currency name became the Israeli pound.[9]

Israeli pound (1952–1980)

The Israeli pound (לירה ישראלית, "lira yisraelit") was the currency of the State of Israel from June 1952 until 23 February 1980, when it was replaced with the shekel on 24 February 1980. From 1955, after the Bank of Israel was established and took over the duty of issuing banknotes, only the Hebrew name was used, along with the symbol "I£".[10] The pegging to the British Pound was abolished on 1 January 1954, and in 1960, the sub-division of the Israeli pound was changed from 1000 prutot to 100 agorot.

During the 1960s, a debate over the non-Hebrew name of the Israeli currency resulted in a law ordering the Minister of Finance to change the name pound into a Hebrew name, shekel (שקל). The law allowed the minister to decide on a proper date for the change. The law did not come into effect until February 1980, when the Israeli government decided to change the monetary system and introduce the shekel at a rate of 1 shekel = I£10.

Shekel (1980–1985)

The shekel, now known as the old shekel, was the currency of the State of Israel between 24 February 1980 and 31 December 1985. Both it and its predecessor the Israeli pound experienced frequent devaluations against foreign currencies during the 1960s and '70s. This trend culminated in the old shekel experiencing hyperinflation in the early 1980s. After inflation was contained as a result of the 1985 Economic Stabilization Plan, the new shekel was introduced, replacing the old shekel on 1 January 1986 at a rate of IS 1,000 to ₪1.

New shekel (1985–present)

Since the economic crisis of the 1980s and the subsequent introduction of the new shekel in 1985, the Bank of Israel and the government of Israel have maintained much more careful and conservative fiscal and monetary policies, and have gradually introduced various market-based economic reforms. In addition, the signing of free trade agreements helped the Israeli economy become more competitive, while heavy investment in its industrial and scientific base allowed the country to take advantage of opportunities associated with the rise of the global knowledge economy, thus greatly increasing exports and opening new markets for its products and services. As a result of these factors, inflation has been relatively low and the country now maintains a positive balance of payments, with a current account surplus equivalent to about 3% of its GDP in 2010. Consequently, its currency has strengthened though less so than an exceptional rise in the Euro and Swiss Franc, rising approximately 20% in value relative to the US dollar from 2001 to 2011, contrasting to weakening in prior decades.

Since 1 January 2003, the new shekel has been a freely convertible currency. Since 7 May 2006, new shekel derivative trading has also been available on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange.[11] This makes the new shekel one of only twenty or so world currencies for which there are widely available currency futures contracts in the foreign exchange market. It is also a currency that can be exchanged by consumers in many parts of the world.[12][13] On 26 May 2008, CLS Bank International announced that it would settle payment instructions in new shekels, making the currency fully convertible.[14]

Coins

In 1985, coins in denominations of 1 agora, 5 agorot, 10 agorot, ₪1/2, ₪1 were introduced.[15] In 1990, ₪5 coins were introduced,[16] followed by ₪10 coins in 1995.[17] Production of 1 agora pieces ceased in 1990, and they were removed from circulation on 1 April 1991. A ₪2 coin was introduced on 9 December 2007.[18] The 5 agorot coin, last minted in 2007, was removed from circulation on 1 January 2008.[19]

In April 2011, it was reported that new coins would be minted that would use less metal and thus lower costs. Counterfeiting would also be harder.[20] The Bank of Israel is considering dropping the word "new" on the planned coins series. If approved, this would be the first replacement of all coins since the introduction of the new shekel coins in September 1985.[21] The coins are minted by the Korea Minting and Security Printing Corporation (KOMSCO).[3]

New shekel coin series
ImageValueTechnical parametersDescriptionDate of
DiameterThicknessMassCompositionEdgeObverseReverseissuewithdrawal
1 agora 17 mm 1.2 mm 2 g Aluminium bronze
92% copper
6% aluminium
2% nickel
Plain Ancient galley, the state emblem, "Israel" in Hebrew, Arabic and English Value, date 4 September 1985 1 April 1991
5 agorot 19.5 mm 1.3 mm 3 g Replica of a coin from the fourth year of the war of the Jews against Rome depicting a lulav between two etrogim, the state emblem, "Israel" in Hebrew, Arabic and English 1 January 2008
10 agorot 22 mm 1.5 mm 4 g Replica of a coin issued by Antigonus II Mattathias with the seven-branched candelabrum, the state emblem, "Israel" in Hebrew, Arabic and English Current
₪0.5 26 mm 1.6 mm 6.5 g Lyre, the state emblem Value, date, "Israel" in Hebrew, Arabic and English
₪1 18 mm 1.8 mm 3.5 g Cupronickel
75% copper
25% nickel (1985-1993)
Nickel-plated steel (1994–present)[22]
Plain Lily, "Yehud" in ancient Hebrew, the state emblem Value, date, "Israel" in Hebrew, Arabic and English 4 September 1985 Current
₪2 21.6 mm 2.3 mm 5.7 g Nickel-plated steel Segmented (Plain and Reeded sections) Two cornucopia, the state emblem 9 December 2007
₪5 24 mm 2.4 mm 8.2 g Cupronickel
75% copper
25% nickel
12 sides Capital of column, the state emblem 2 January 1990
₪10 23 mm
Core: 16 mm
2.2 mm 7 g Ring: Nickel-bonded steel
Center: Aureate-bonded bronze
Reeded Palm tree with seven leaves and two baskets with dates, the words "for the redemption of Zion" in ancient and modern Hebrew alphabet 7 February 1995
For table standards, see the coin specification table.

Banknotes

Series A (1985–1999)

Beginning on 4 September 1985. banknotes are introduced in denominations of ₪5, ₪10, and ₪50. An ₪1 note followed on 8 May 1986 and the ₪100 note issued in 19 August 1986. In 2 April 1988, the ₪20 note issued and the ₪200 note issued on 16 February 1992 completing the family.[23] The ₪1, ₪5 and ₪10 notes used the same basic designs as the earlier IS 1000, 5000, and 10000 notes but with the denominations altered.

The ₪1, ₪5 and ₪10 notes were later replaced by coins. A number of these coins, in their first minting, had the images of the individuals on the bills engraved on them.

ImageValueDimensionsColourObverseReverseDate of issueDate of withdrawal
₪176x 138 mmgreenMaimonidesTiberias where Maimonides is buried; Ancient stone lamp8 May 19861995
₪5blueLevi EshkolPipe carrying water, symbolizing the national carrier, fields and barren land in background4 September 19851995
₪10orangeGolda MeirPicture of Golda Meir in the crowd, in front of the Moscow Choral Synagogue, as she arrived in Moscow as Israel's ambassador in 19484 September 19851995
₪20dark grayMoshe SharettThe original building of Herzliya Gymnasium, Little Tel Aviv in background2 April 19881 July 2000
₪50purpleShmuel Yosef AgnonJerusalem skyline, Eastern European shtetl, the setting of many of Agnon's stories.4 September 19851 July 2000
₪100brownYitzhak Ben-ZviPeki'in Synagogue with carob tree and cave, Ancient stone lamp19 August 19861 July 2000
₪200redZalman ShazarA girl writing at a desk as a symbol of the Compulsory Education Law which was initiated by Shazar, and Hebrew block letters in background16 February 19921 July 2000

Series B (1999–2017)

The Second series of bank notes was released in 1999, replacing the first series by 2005. A plan to issue an ₪500 banknote, carrying the portrait of Yitzhak Rabin, was announced shortly after Rabin's assassination in 1995. However, due to low inflation rates, there was no need for such a banknote and it was never issued.[24]

Second series of the new shekel
ImageValueDimensionsColourObverseReverseDate of issue
₪2071x 138 mmGreenMoshe SharettJewish volunteers in World War II; a watchtower, commemorating tower and stockade settlements3 January 1999
₪20GreenMoshe SharettJewish volunteers in World War II; a watchtower, commemorating tower and stockade settlements. The additional red text on the polypropylene note reads "60 Years of the State of Israel" in Hebrew in red ink. It was only featured in a 1.8 million limited run close to the noted anniversary and is not present on a majority of notes.
(Made of polypropylene, a polymer substrate, which is superior to the regular Series B paper note with a circulation life of a few months only. The polymer note is printed by Orell Füssli Security Printing of Zürich, Switzerland.)
13 April 2008
₪50PurpleShmuel Yosef AgnonAgnon's notebook, pen and glasses, Jerusalem and the Temple Mount31 October 1999
₪100BrownYitzhak Ben-ZviPeki'in Synagogue3 January 1999
₪200RedZalman Shazara street in Safed and text from Shazar's essay about Safed31 October 1999
₪500BlueYitzhak RabinPart of a speech given by the late Prime Minister shortly before his assassination[25]Never printed

Series C (2014–present)

The committee proposed that the new series would bear the portraits of prominent Hebrew poets, among them Rachel Bluwstein, Shaul Tchernichovsky, Leah Goldberg and Nathan Alterman. In December 2010, it was announced that the series would feature portraits of Menachem Begin, Yitzhak Rabin, Rachel, and Shmuel Yosef Agnon.[26] When Begin's family opposed the decision, the committee's original proposal was readopted.[27]

On 14 November 2012, the Bank of Israel announced that the new series of banknotes is in the final stages of design. The first of the new banknotes to begin circulation was in the ₪50 denomination on 16 September 2014,[28] followed by the ₪200 note on 23 December 2015.[29] The final two denominations, ₪20 and ₪100, were issued on 23 November 2017, completing the "Series C" banknote series.[30][31][32]

With the issuing of the third series, the Bank of Israel has adopted the standard English spelling of shekel and plural shekels for its currency.[33] Previously, the Bank had formally used the Hebrew transcriptions of sheqel and sheqalim (from שְׁקָלִים).[34]

The banknotes are printed by Orell Füssli Security Printing of Switzerland.[2]

Third Series of the New Shekel
Image Value Dimensions Colour Description Date of issue
ObverseReverse
₪20 129 × 71 mmRed Rachel Bluwstein; the poem Kinneret in microprinting; Palm tree branches in the background Vista of the Sea of Galilee shoreline; Segment from the poem Perhaps it was nothing… 23 November 2017
₪50 136 × 71 mmGreen Shaul Tchernichovsky; the poem Oh, My Land, My Homeland in microprinting; Citrus tree and its fruits in the background Capital of a Corinthian column; Segment from the poem I Believe 16 September 2014
₪100 143 × 71 mmOrange Leah Goldberg; the poem In the land of my love the almond tree blossoms in microprinting; Almond tree blossoms in the background A group of gazelles; Segment from the poem: White days 23 November 2017
₪200 150 × 71 mmBlue Nathan Alterman; the poem Eternal Meeting in microprinting; Fall leaves in the background Moonlit flora; Segment from the poem Morning Song 23 December 2015
These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the banknote specification table.

Exchange rates

The cost of one Euro in ILS (from 2011).
ILS per currency, averaged over the year
CurrencyISO 4217Unit1986199119962001200620112016
United States dollarUSD11.362.593.364.224.473.463.77
Soviet rubleSUR111.804.61
Russian rubleRUB10.620.140.160.120.05
Japanese yenJPY1000.811.873.163.424.004.273.44
Pound sterlingGBP12.074.475.166.108.365.535.15
Deutsche MarkDEM210.611.502.221.862.892.512.17
French francFRF310.190.440.650.550.860.750.65
EuroEUR13.635.654.914.25
Swiss francCHF10.731.782.682.373.674.143.89
Jordanian dinarJOD14.253.344.505.896.444.815.32
Egyptian poundEGP12.120.720.941.070.770.570.42
RenminbiCNY10.390.470.390.500.550.550.58
*1 SUR ceased to exist after 1993, and was replaced by RUB.
*2 DEM ceased to exist after 1999, and was replaced by EUR.
*3 FRF ceased to exist after 1999, and was replaced by EUR.
Current ILS exchange rates
From Google Finance: AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB CNY USD
From Yahoo! Finance: AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB CNY USD
From XE.com: AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB CNY USD
From OANDA: AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB CNY USD
From fxtop.com: AUD CAD CHF EUR GBP HKD JPY USD RUB CNY USD

See also

References

  1. According to Article 4 of the 1994 Paris Protocol The Protocol allows the Palestinian Authority to adopt additional currencies. In the West Bank the Jordanian dinar is widely accepted and in the Gaza Strip the Egyptian pound is often used.
  2. www.20min.ch, www 20minuten ch, 20 Minuten, 20 Min. "Israel lässt in Zürich Geld drucken". 20 Minuten.
  3. "S. Korea Makes Money by Making Money". Voice of America News. 17 July 2012. Retrieved 13 March 2020.
  4. לוח אינדיקטורים: אינפלציה ומדיניות מוניטרית (in Hebrew). Bank of Israel. Retrieved 27 November 2018.
  5. Genesis 23:25.
  6. http://www.assyrianlanguages.org/akkadian/dosearch.php?searchkey=469&language=id
  7. https://www.sefaria.org.il/Jastrow%2C_%D7%AA%D6%B4%D6%BC%D7%A7%D6%B0%D7%9C%D6%B8%D7%90?lang=he
  8. One Palestine Pound, IL: Bank of Israel, archived from the original on 27 April 2006
  9. One Israeli Pound, IL: Bank of Israel, archived from the original on 27 September 2007
  10. First Series of the Pound, IL: Bank Le-Israel, archived from the original on 27 September 2007
  11. "CME to Launch Foreign Exchange Contract on Israeli Shekel" (Press release). Chicago Mercantile Exchange. 6 April 2006.
  12. "Israelis can soon travel the world with shekels in their pockets". haaretz.com. Haaretz. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  13. "shekel begins trading on global markets". jpost.com. Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 13 August 2011. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  14. CLS Press Release (26 May 2008). "CLS Bank live with Israeli shekel and Mexican Peso". Archived from the original on 30 May 2008.
  15. "About the Agora and New Shekel Series". Banknotes and Coins Catalog. Bank of Israel. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
  16. "5 NEW SHEQALIM". Banknotes and Coins Catalog. The Bank of Israel. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
  17. "10 NEW SHEQALIM". Banknotes and Coins Catalog. The Bank of Israel. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
  18. "The new NIS 2 coin" (Press release). The Bank of Israel. 8 July 2007. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
  19. "Cancellation of the 5 agora coin" (in Hebrew). The Bank of Israel. 1 January 2008. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
  20. Tomer Avital's report in Calcalist, 21 April 2011 (Hebrew)
  21. Gad Lior's report in Ynet, 21 April 2011
  22. Note that nickel-clad steel 1 new sheqalim coins were issued in 1994 and 1995
  23. Linzmayer, Owen (2012). "Israel". The Banknote Book. San Francisco, CA: www.BanknoteNews.com.
  24. "The 500 NIS banknote that was never released (Obverse)".
  25. שטר בסימן שאלה, Bulletin of the Numismatics Association in Israel, October 2005
  26. Press release, Bank of Israel, 19 December 2009
  27. Press release, Bank of Israel, 10 March 2011
  28. השטר החדש הושק: "יהי קשה לזייף שטרות" [The new banknote was launched: "It will be difficult to counterfeit banknotes"] (in Hebrew). ynet. 10 September 2014. Retrieved 10 September 2014.
  29. "Israel's new NIS 200 note enters circulation today". Globes. 23 December 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2015.
  30. Press release, Bank of Israel: The next banknotes in the new series – the NIS 20 and NIS 100 banknotes – will be distributed to the public on from Thursday, November 23, 2017 – 5 Kislev 5778 Bank of Israel (www.bankisrael.gov.il). 16 November 2017
  31. Press release, Bank of Israel: Information on the new series of banknotes 14 November 2012
  32. Press release by the Bank of Israel: Images and descriptions on the new series of Israeli new shekel banknotes Bank of Israel (www.bankisrael.gov.il). 28 April 2013. Retrieved on 1 May 2013.
  33. "Third Series of the New Shekel", Currency, Bank of Israel
  34. "Second Series of the New Shekel", Currency, Bank of Israel.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.