Jaleco

Jaleco was founded by Japanese businessman Yoshiaki Kanazawa on October 3, 1974. They were originally known as the Japan Leisure Co., Ltd. (株式会社ジャパンレジャー, Kabushiki-gaisha Japan Rejā), producing equipment for both amusement parks and arcade centers across Japan. The company was originally based out of Setagaya-ku, Tokyo.

Japan Leisure would begin production of arcade video games by 1982, and would change their corporate name to Jaleco in March 1983, an anagram of their older name. Jaleco would begin production of home console video games for the Nintendo Entertainment System in Japan. Towards the mid 1980s, Jaleco would begin production of equipment for aquarium tanks, which were released under their JAQNO brand name. A North American office, Jaleco USA, opened in Wheeling, Illinois - this division commonly published other third-party video games for both the NES and SNES consoles, notably Maniac Mansion and R-Type III, alongside distribution of Jaleco video games in the United States.

In late 1993, Jaleco's North American division would depart from the arcade game scene, becoming solely a producer of games for home platforms. By 2000, Jaleco was struggling financially, being unable to produce a hit video game in several years. To keep the company afloat, Jaleco was acquired by Hong Kong-based company PCCW on November 1, 2000, where they would become the Japanese division of the company, renamed to PCCW Japan.[1] Heavy company restructure was done, with Jaleco's arcade division and other non-profitable areas of the company shuttering, whilst retaining their home console video game division. In April 2001, PCCW Japan purchased the VR-1 Group, the holder of North American MMO developer VR-1 Entertainment, in order to have their operations expand globally. In October 2002, PCCW Japan merged Jaleco USA and VR-1 Entertainment into a new company, Jaleco Entertainment, relocating to Buffalo, New York. PCCW Japan would soon be renamed back to Jaleco in 2004. They would continue to operate for several years as a subsidiary of PCCW, producing video games for home consoles and Japanese mobile phones, alongside soundtrack albums and applications for web browsers.

In August 2005, PCCW sold off Jaleco to Sandringham Fund SPC, alongside the subsidiary company Hyperlink Investments Group. On May 31, 2006, Jaleco's board of directors (JASDAQ: 7954) would rename the company to Jaleco Holding, having their video game operations spun-off into a new company also known as Jaleco, which would become a subsidiary of Jaleco Holding. The corporate restructure was done in order to establish the company's non-video game products. In October 2007, Hyperlink Investments Group would sell its stock in Jaleco Holding to Game Yarou, a Japanese mobile phone developer, and two South Korean corporations, STIC Pioneer Fund and A2i. Jaleco Holdings dissolved two subsidiary companies, FFBC Investment and J Consulting, in early 2008. Jaleco's North American division, Jaleco Entertainment, would close their doors later that year.

On January 15, 2009, Jaleco Holding would sell off Jaleco to Game Yarou for a total of ¥1 (US$0.01), however Game Yarou would soon assume ¥700,000,000 ($7.736 million) of Jaleco Holding's ¥16,000,000,000 ($17.68 million) loan.[2] A spokesperson for Jaleco Holding cited "increasing competition in recent years in the video game market" as the reason for the company's retirement in the industry, which was proving to be difficult for the company to stay afloat.[3] Under ownership from Game Yarou, Jaleco would produce video games for Japanese mobile phones and web browsers, alongside licensing many of their older video games to third-party developers for use in other projects. On March 2, Jaleco announced that it would release a video game for the Wii, Ougon no Kizuna, on May 28 of that year.[4]

By 2012, Game Yarou was in a financial crisis due to high debt and poor sales of their mobile titles - they were officially declared bankrupt by the Tokyo District Court on May 21, 2014. Jaleco would soon vanish from the video game industry, with their video games being acquired later that year by Japanese company City Connection, formerly known as Clarice Disk. The company continues to use Jaleco video games for a number of projects, alongside licensing them out to other developers for use in other products. Jaleco Holding would rename itself to Encom Holdings in April 2009, focusing on real estate and finance business in Japan and no longer being involved with video games. Encom Holdings would dissolved on May 13, 2013, and be delisted from the JASDAQ that same day, due to poor reputation and loss of income.

• Jaleco Ltd. (in Japanese)
• SCROLL Issue 08: The Totally Loaded and Fortified Irritating Spirit of Battle Unit Jaleco