James Patrick O'Leary

James Patrick O'Leary (1869 – January 22, 1925) was a gambling boss and saloon owner in Chicago. His parents were Patrick and Irish-born Catherine O'Leary, in whose barn the Great Chicago Fire is alleged to have begun.[1]

This article is about the gambler. For the politician, see James A. O'Leary.
James Patrick O'Leary
Born1869
Chicago, Illinois
DiedJanuary 23, 1925(1925-01-23) (aged 56)
Chicago, Illinois
OccupationGambling czar, amusement park manager
Spouse(s)Anna Ryan
Children2 sons, 3 daughters
Parent(s)Patrick and Catherine O'Leary

Biography

O'Leary was born at 137 DeKoven Street, the house in which his family lived and where the Great Chicago Fire would start two years later.

O'Leary worked for the local bookies when he was a teenager, and eventually he a began as a bookmaker himself in Long Beach, Indiana, an off-track betting resort. However, he soon went bankrupt and worked at the Union Stock Yards, where he gained the nickname "Big Jim." In the early 1890s, he left the Stock Yards and opened a saloon on Halsted Street which included Turkish baths, a restaurant, a billiard room, and a bowling alley. He also posted detailed race track results and other betting information near the entrance to the Stock Yards. O'Leary soon began operating a pool hall and book parlor in the rear of the saloon. He became one of the leading gamblers in Chicago and was known for taking bets on everything from presidential candidates to changes in the weather.[2]

In 1904, O'Leary began operating illegal gambling on Lake Michigan aboard the steamship The City of Traverse. Without police protection, this venture had failed by 1907 because of police raids each time the ship docked. O'Leary refused to bribe the police and instead had his saloon protected by adding a set of iron and zinc layered oak doors which allegedly were "fire proof, bomb-proof, and police-proof". Following Chicago crime lord Michael Cassius MacDonald's death that year O'Leary took over complete control of gambling on Chicago's southwest side around the Union Stock Yards. In the summer of 1907, Luna Park, opened with O'Leary the principal owner. The popular park operated for four years before permanently closing.[3]

O'Leary, who delivered whiskey to Colosimo's Cafe under an arrangement with Johnny Torrio, was suspected of involvement in the May 11, 1920 murder of James Colosimo, but no charges were brought against him. By the time of his death, O'Leary had become a millionaire several times over.

Despite numerous raids by police, O'Leary was found guilty of gambling only one time during his thirty-year career. The perception was that O'Leary, along with gambling bosses Mont Tennes and "Hot Stove" Jimmy Quinn, controlled the Chicago Police.[4]

O'Leary married Annie McLaughlin, whose family lived next to the O'Learys at the time of the fire.[5] They were the parents of two sons and three daughters.[2]

James Patrick O'Leary died in Chicago of natural causes at the age of 56 on January 23, 1925.[2]

References
  1. Pierce, Bessie Louise (1957, rep. 2007). A History of Chicago: Volume III: The Rise of a Modern City, 1871-1893. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-226-66842-0. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. Kelley, John (January 23, 1925). "O'Leary, Who Would Bet on Anything, Dies". Chicago Tribune. 'Big Jim' O'Leary, as he was known to thousands of followers of the turf, died early last evening at his residence...his death was unexpected.
  3. Duis, Perry (1998). Challenging Chicago: Coping with Everyday Life, 1837-1920. Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-02394-3.
  4. Merriner, James L. (2004). Grafters and Goo Goos: Corruption and Reform in Chicago, 1833-2003. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press. p. 84. ISBN 0-8093-2571-3.
  5. "Centennial Eve Reveals Truth of Great Fire". Chicago Tribune. 1903-09-23.

Further reading
  • Asbury, Herbert. The Gangs of Chicago: An Informal History of the Chicago Underworld. New York: Alfred A. Knoff, 1940. ISBN 1-56025-454-8
  • English, T.J. Paddy Whacked: The Untold Story of the Irish American Gangster. New York: HarperCollins, 2005. ISBN 0-06-059002-5
  • Johnson, Curt and R. Craig Sautter. The Wicked City: Chicago from Kenna to Capone. New York: Da Capo Press, 1998. ISBN 0-306-80821-8
  • "Big Jim" O'Leary Dead". New York Times, 23 January 1925
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