Joachim von Kortzfleisch

Joachim von Kortzfleisch
Joachim von Kortzfleisch
	General Kortzfleisch (right), 1941.
Born	3 January 1890; Braunschweig, German Empire
Died	20 April 1945 (aged 55); Sauerland, Germany
Allegiance	German Empire ; Weimar Republic; Nazi Germany
Service/branch	Army
Rank	General der Infanterie
Commands held	1st Infantry Division; Defense group III (Berlin)
Battles/wars	World War I World War II
Awards	Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross

Joachim von Kortzfleisch (3 January 1890 – 20 April 1945) was a German general in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was the commander of the defense group III (Berlin) and had a role in ensuring the failure of the attempted coup after the 20 July Plot attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler, which was led by Kortzfleisch's distant cousin, Claus von Stauffenberg.

Biography

Joachim von Kortzfleisch was born into an aristocratic Westphalian family in Braunschweig, Duchy of Brunswick, the son of the Prussian Major General Gustav von Kortzfleisch (1854 – 1910) and Elsbeth Oppermann (1862 – 1937). He joined the army in 1907 and after service in World War I in a machine gun battalion he was an officer in the Reichswehr, reaching the rank of Generalmajor by 1937. He was a generalleutnant and commander of the 1st Infantry Division at the outbreak of World War II and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 1 September 1940 as commander of the XI Army Corps of the Wehrmacht.

On 20 July 1944 as the commander of the defense group III (Berlin) he was summoned to the Bendlerstrasse by General Friedrich Fromm. When he arrived, he was perplexed to see that Fromm was no longer in command, that Ludwig Beck was now in control. He angrily refused to obey Operation Valkyrie orders issued by one of the leading conspirators General Friedrich Olbricht and kept shouting ‘the Führer is not dead’ and referring to the oath of loyalty to Hitler.[1] He was arrested and put under guard by the plotters and said that he was not willing to take part in a coup as he was just a soldier interested only in going home and pulling weeds in his garden.[2] He was replaced in his command by General Karl Freiherr von Thüngen and was later allowed to leave the Bendlerblock. He subsequently interrogated Major Hans-Ulrich von Oertzen who was a supporter of the plot. Kortzfleisch was later shocked to learn that the officer leading the plot was his distant cousin Claus von Stauffenberg, who had recently attended a wedding with Kortzfleisch the previous year.

In March 1945 he was the commander of the Rhine Bridgehead in Army Group B under Field Marshal Walter Model. He was shot dead by soldiers of the 737th Tank Battalion of the United States Army on 20 April 1945. Kortzfleisch and a handful of soldiers had tried to get to Berleburg, moving behind the enemy lines. A US patrol encountered them at Schmallenberg-Wulwesort, Sauerland. The general defended himself with a machine pistol as he was surrounded by US soldiers, and was told to put his hands up. After he refused to do this, he was instantly shot by a US soldier.

Awards and decorations

Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 4 September 1940 as General der Infanterie and commander of XI. Armeekorps[3][4]

References

Citations

Michael C Thomsett (1997). The German Opposition to Hitler: The Resistance, the Underground, and Assassination Plots, 1938-1945. McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-0372-1.
Joachim Fest (1994). Plotting Hitler's Death: The German Resistance to Hitler, 1933-1945. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-81774-4.
Fellgiebel 2000, p. 270.
Scherzer 2007, p. 467.

Bibliography

Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.

Military offices
Preceded by Generalleutnant Walther Schroth	Commander of 1. Infanterie-Division 1 January 1938 – 14 April 1940	Succeeded by Generalleutnant Philipp Kleffel
Preceded by General der Artillerie Emil Leeb	Commander of XI. Armeekorps 1 March 1940 – 6 October 1941	Succeeded by General der Infanterie Eugen Ott
Preceded by General der Infanterie Eugen Ott	Commander of XI. Armeekorps 10 December 1941 – 1 June 1942	Succeeded by Generaloberst Karl Strecker
Preceded by General der Infanterie Kurt Brennecke	Commander of XXXXIII. Armeekorps 28 June 1942 - 15 August 1942	Succeeded by General der Infanterie Kurt Brennecke

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[GermanOpposition-1] Michael C Thomsett (1997). The German Opposition to Hitler: The Resistance, the Underground, and Assassination Plots, 1938-1945. McFarland. ISBN 0-7864-0372-1.

[PlottingHitler'sDeath-2] Joachim Fest (1994). Plotting Hitler's Death: The German Resistance to Hitler, 1933-1945. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-81774-4.

[3] Fellgiebel 2000, p. 270.

[4] Scherzer 2007, p. 467.