Johan Cronman

Johan Cronman
Johan Cronman
	Cronman coat-of-arms
2nd Governor of Malmöhus County
	In office; 1727–1737
Preceded by	Carl Gustaf Hård
Succeeded by	Wilhelm Bennet
Commandant of Malmö Castle
	In office; 1727–1737
Personal details
Born	November 2, 1662; Alatskivi Castle, Swedish Livonia; (now Estonia)
Died	July 26, 1737 (aged 74); Malmö, Sweden
Resting place	Caroli Church, Malmö
Parents	Joakim Cronman (1638–1703); Lunetta Makeléer (1639–1693)
Relatives	Fritz Cronman, uncle ; John Hans Makeléer, grandfather; Joachim von Rohr, nephew[1]
Military service
Allegiance	Swedish Empire
Rank	Lieutenant-general

Johan Cronman (November 2, 1662 – July 26, 1737) was a lieutenant general and the commandant of the Skåne fortress in the Swedish Empire as well as the Governor of Malmöhus County from 1727 to 1737.[2][3] He was Baron of Alatskivi, Kodafer and Kokora; and Master of Vosuauer and Sattkula.

Cronman was Commandant of Malmö Castle, the largest fortification in Skåne

Biography

He was born on November 2, 1662, in Alatskivi Castle, then called Unanitz, in Swedish Livonia. He was the son of Joakim Cronman (1638–1703) and Lunetta Makeléer (1639–1693).[4][5][6] Lunetta was the daughter of John Hans Makeléer who was a merchant and banker who had emigrated from Scotland to Sweden. Johan joined the military and was commissioned as a lieutenant with the Narva garrison, and second captain with the Närke and Värmland regiments in 1687. He was promoted to captain with the Zurlauben regiment in 1699, and was made a lieutenant-colonel in 1701. He was promoted to colonel of the Kronoberg Regiment in 1706. On July 11, 1709, he was at surrender at Perevolochna and held prisoner in Siberia until 1722. Johan returned to Sweden after his release and was promoted to lieutenant-general of the infantry in 1722. He was made a baron in 1727, and named the Governor of Malmö and commandant of Malmö Castle, both in 1727. Through his life, he fought in 13 battles, but was never wounded. He spoke 8 languages: Swedish, Latin, German, Estonian, Polish, Russian, French and Dutch.[7] He died on July 26, 1737, at age 75. He had never married or had children.

Legacy

A plaque at St Petri, Malmö, reads in German:

Ihro Konigl:r Maij:ts Zu Schweden Wolbestalter Generallientenant der Infanterie Landes Hauptman und OberCommendannt der Festungen Zu Schonen Hochwolgebohren Baron H:r Johan Cronman Freijherr Von Alatskivi Kadaster und Kakara Herr Von Vosuauer Sattkula Gebohren Auf Alatskivi 1662 den 2 Novemb. Gelich Gestorben In Malmö den 26 Julii 1737.

It translates into English as:

His Royal Majesty of Sweden recognizes Lieutenant General of the Infantry, Governor and High Commandant at the Fortress of Skåne, Honourable Baron Mr. Johan Cronman, Baron to Alatskivi, Kodafer and Kokora, Master of Wasuva (possibly) and Sottkylä (possibly). Born at Alatskivi November 2, 1662. Died in Malmö on July 26, 1737.

A plaque at Caroli Church in Malmö reads:

Hier ligt der weyland hoch geborne herr baron general lieutenant landshauptmann und ober commandant Johann Cronmann. Freyherr von alt und neu Alatskivi. Herr von Kokara und Sottkyl. Anno 1737

It translates into English as:

Here lies Lieutenant General, Baron, Governor, and Commandant Johan Cronmann. Baron of old and new Alatskivi. Lord of Kokora and Sottkylä. Year 1737

References

August Theodor Låstbom (1843). Swea och Götha höfdinga-minne sedan 1720. J, dotter af Ofwersten och Commendanten Joachim Cronman. Gift med Charlotta Klingenberg, dotter af Majoren Johan Klingenberg och Elisabeth Wellingks
Nordensvan, Carl Otto (1904). Värmlands regementes historia.
von Stiernman, Anders Anton; Rehbinder, Johan Adam; Rothlieb, Carl Fredric; Kröningssvärd, Carl Gustaf (1754). Matrikel öfwer Swea rikes ridderskap.
Ulla Birgegård (translator and editor) (2002). J.G. Sparwenfeld's diary of a journey to Russia 1684–87. ISBN 91-554-2444-9. ... Johan Cronman (1662–1737). He was born in Ingria and became a lieutenant with the garrison regiment of Narva in December 1683 (Elgenstierna ...
Joachim Cronman was the son of Hans Detterman Cronman (1590-after 1645), Lord of Alatskivi; and Ursula Kordes (1600–1675). Joachim married Lunetta Makeléer (1639–1693) on August 9, 1657, in Göteborg, Sweden. Lunetta was the daughter of John Hans Makeléer. Joakim Cronman was a colonel at the Narva fortress starting in 1679. He was the Colonel for the Savolaks and Nyslott regiments in 1683. He became the Commandant of Neumünde and died on March 5, 1703.
His siblings were: Ursula Cronman (1660–1745) who married Christoffer Fredrik von Grothenhielm (1655–1705); Anna Catharina Cronman (c1662-c1685) who married Hans Christoffer von Rohr I (1626–1700) who was killed in action in the Battle of Narva and their son was Joachim von Rohr; and Hedvik Elisabeth Cronman (1663–1699) who married Henrik Aminoff (1653-?)
Peter Englund (2003). The Battle That Shook Europe: Poltava and the Birth of the Russian Empire. ISBN 9781860648472. Cronman, Johan 1662–1737, Lieutenant with Narva Garrison 1683, Second-Captain with Närke-Värmland regiment 1687, Captain with Zurlauben's regiment 1699, Lieutenant-Colonel 1701, Colonel of Kronoberg Regiment 1706, captured at Perevolochna, returned 1722, Lieutenant-General of Infantry 1722, Baron 1727, County Governor of Malmohus and Commandant of Skåne Province 1727. Fought in 13 battles, never wounded. Spoke 8 languages: Swedish, Latin, German, Estonian, Polish, Russian, French and Dutch.

Images

Plaque at St Petri, Malmö
Plaque at Caroli Church, Malmö

External links

Cronman family tree based on Gabriel Anrep and Gustaf Elgenstierna
Johan Cronman grave in Malmö

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[lastbom-1] August Theodor Låstbom (1843). Swea och Götha höfdinga-minne sedan 1720. J, dotter af Ofwersten och Commendanten Joachim Cronman. Gift med Charlotta Klingenberg, dotter af Majoren Johan Klingenberg och Elisabeth Wellingks

[2] Nordensvan, Carl Otto (1904). Värmlands regementes historia.

[3] von Stiernman, Anders Anton; Rehbinder, Johan Adam; Rothlieb, Carl Fredric; Kröningssvärd, Carl Gustaf (1754). Matrikel öfwer Swea rikes ridderskap.

[sparwenfeld-4] Ulla Birgegård (translator and editor) (2002). J.G. Sparwenfeld's diary of a journey to Russia 1684–87. ISBN 91-554-2444-9. ... Johan Cronman (1662–1737). He was born in Ingria and became a lieutenant with the garrison regiment of Narva in December 1683 (Elgenstierna ...

[5] Joachim Cronman was the son of Hans Detterman Cronman (1590-after 1645), Lord of Alatskivi; and Ursula Kordes (1600–1675). Joachim married Lunetta Makeléer (1639–1693) on August 9, 1657, in Göteborg, Sweden. Lunetta was the daughter of John Hans Makeléer. Joakim Cronman was a colonel at the Narva fortress starting in 1679. He was the Colonel for the Savolaks and Nyslott regiments in 1683. He became the Commandant of Neumünde and died on March 5, 1703.

[6] His siblings were: Ursula Cronman (1660–1745) who married Christoffer Fredrik von Grothenhielm (1655–1705); Anna Catharina Cronman (c1662-c1685) who married Hans Christoffer von Rohr I (1626–1700) who was killed in action in the Battle of Narva and their son was Joachim von Rohr; and Hedvik Elisabeth Cronman (1663–1699) who married Henrik Aminoff (1653-?)

[7] Peter Englund (2003). The Battle That Shook Europe: Poltava and the Birth of the Russian Empire. ISBN 9781860648472. Cronman, Johan 1662–1737, Lieutenant with Narva Garrison 1683, Second-Captain with Närke-Värmland regiment 1687, Captain with Zurlauben's regiment 1699, Lieutenant-Colonel 1701, Colonel of Kronoberg Regiment 1706, captured at Perevolochna, returned 1722, Lieutenant-General of Infantry 1722, Baron 1727, County Governor of Malmohus and Commandant of Skåne Province 1727. Fought in 13 battles, never wounded. Spoke 8 languages: Swedish, Latin, German, Estonian, Polish, Russian, French and Dutch.