John Crenshaw

John Hart Crenshaw (November 19, 1797 – December 4, 1871) was an American landowner, salt maker, and slave trader, based out of Gallatin County, Illinois.

For the Georgia Tech professor and athletic director, see John Bascom Crenshaw. For the California politician, see John T. Crenshaw.
John Crenshaw
Born
John Hart Crenshaw

November 19, 1797
North Carolina
DiedDecember 4, 1871 (aged 74)
Hickory Hill estate, Equality, Illinois
Resting placeHickory Hill Cemetery, Equality, Illinois
NationalityAmerican
Occupationsalt maker
Known forIllegal slave trader
Spouse(s)Francine "Sina" Taylor
Children6

He is also the great-great grandfather of killer and suspected serial killer Joe Ball, also known as "The Alligator Man".

Slave trader

Although Illinois was a free state, Crenshaw leased the salt works in nearby Equality, Illinois from the government, which permitted the use of slaves for the arduous labor of hauling and boiling brackish water to produce salt. Crenshaw was widely believed to be involved in the kidnapping and sale of free black citizens in free states as slaves in the south, an enormously profitable trade later known as the Reverse Underground Railroad. Crenshaw was twice prosecuted for kidnapping, but never convicted.

Due to Crenshaw's keeping slaves and kidnapping free blacks, who were then pressed into slavery, his house became popularly known as The Old Slave House and is alleged to be haunted. Stories of strange noises upstairs, coming from victims, date to 1851. Despite accounts that the rooms were slave quarters, Crenshaw family stories indicate a distinction between the plantation’s household servants and field hands, and the victims of Crenshaw’s criminal activities.[1][2][3][4]

A grand jury indicted Crenshaw for kidnapping, once in the mid 1820s (the outcome unknown) and again in 1842 when a trial jury acquitted him. The case’s victims, Maria Adams and her seven or eight children ended up as slaves in Texas. In 1828, Crenshaw took Frank Granger and 15 others downriver to Tipton County, Tennessee, and sold them as slaves. Crenshaw also kidnapped 'Lucinda' and her children in 1828. She ended up in Barren County, Kentucky. Contemporary letters identifying Crenshaw’s role back both cases. Crenshaw also kidnapped Peter White and three others in the 1840s. They were sold into slavery in Arkansas but later rescued.

Underground Railroad National Network to Freedom

In 2004, the National Park Service named the Crenshaw Mansion, referred to as "The Old Slave House", as part of the Underground Railroad Network to Freedom program to acknowledge its importance in the "reverse underground railroad" and the role John Crenshaw played in condemning free blacks to slavery for profit.[4][1]

See also

References
  1. "The Old Slave House." National Park Service Network to Freedom Database. National Park Service. Accessed online May 23, 2010.
  2. Taylor, Troy. 2008. Haunted Illinois: Ghosts and Strange Phenomena from the Prairie State. Published by Stackpole Books.
  3. Taylor, Troy. "Hickory Hill." www.prairieghosts.com, accessed May 23, 2010. Archived 2007-01-12 at the Wayback Machine
  4. Musgrave, Jon. 2005. Slaves, Salt, Sex & Mr. Crenshaw: The Real Story of the Old Slave House and America's Reverse Underground R.R. Published by Illinoishistory.com. 608 pages.

Further reading

This article includes public domain text from the National Park Service website

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