John Humphrey (Massachusetts colonist)

John Humphrey was born in the mid-1590s, probably in the English County of Dorset. The exact date of his birth is uncertain at best: no histories give precise dates, estimated dates differ, but are roughly clustered around 1595. His father, Michael Humphrey, was steward at an estate in Dorset. Humphrey was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, and studied law at Lincoln's Inn in 1615.[1] He settled in Dorchester, where he was a member of John White's church.[2] John Humphrey was married at least three times.

   John Humphrey's first wife was Isabel Williams; daughter of Bruen and Elizabeth (Churchill) Williams[2]who died before 1621.
   John married (2nd) Elizabeth Pelham on 4 September 1621 at St. Thomas, Salisbury, Wiltshire. She died at Dorchester, Dorsetshire on November 1, 1628. 
   Three children were born to Col. John Humphrey and Elizabeth at Fordington, Dorsetshire: 
   John Humphrey Jr. B. Aug 11, 1622. Named administrator of father's estate on June 4, 1653
   Elizabeth Humphrey B. Nov. 23, 1623
   Anne Humphrey B. Dec. 17, 1625. m (1st) William Palmes about 1642. M (2nd) Rev John Myles in Swansea, Wales. They immigrated to Swansea, Mass after the restoration of Charles II around 1662. On January 15, 1680, as the only surviving child of John Humphrey, she appointed her son-in-law Griffin Edwards of Boston, as administrator of the estate of John Humphrey in the colony of Massachusetts. 
   In about 1632, John Humphrey married his 3rd wife, Lady Susan Clinton(Fiennes), daughter of Thomas Clinton (Fiennes), Earl of Lincoln Children by this marriage: 
   Dorcus Humphrey b. abt 1633 in England.
   Sarah Humphrey b. abt 1635 in England.
   Theophilus Humphrey b Salem Jan 24, 1636/7.
   Thomas, baptized in 26 Aug 1638 at Salem.
   Joseph Humphrey b. Salem 5 Apr 1640. Was killed Lisbon, Portugal abt 1669, unmarried, no offspring.
   Lydia, b. just before Jan 28, 1640/1; b. 25 Apr 1641 at Salem. 

[3] [4]

Humphrey and White became involved in a variety of plans for migration to North America. In the early 1620s Humphrey served as treasurer of the Dorchester Company, an early effort spearheaded by White to colonise Massachusetts Bay. This colonisation effort failed in 1625 due to a lack of funding.

Humphrey and White persisted in efforts to establish a successful colony. While White sought new sources of funding in London, Humphrey circulated in the Puritan circle of his brother-in-law the Earl of Clinton. White succeeded in interesting new investors, under whose auspices the Massachusetts Bay Company was established in 1628.[2] The company acquired a grant from the Plymouth Council for New England for land roughly between the Charles and Merrimack Rivers. Humphrey also invested in this company and served as its treasurer. A number of Clinton's associates, notably John Winthrop, Thomas Dudley, Richard Bellingham, and Simon Bradstreet, were also drawn to the idea of migration to North America. In 1629 the company received a royal charter, and Humphrey was elected its deputy governor, under Winthrop.

He was unable to accompany Governor Winthrop on the 1630 fleet that brought the first large-scale migration to Massachusetts, and was consequently replaced by Thomas Dudley as deputy governor shortly before the fleet sailed.[5] He remained actively involved in the Company in London, and assisted in defending its charter against attacks levied by Sir Ferdinando Gorges in 1633.[6] He eventually arrived at the colony in 1634 with his second wife and children, and immediately became involved in the administration of the colony. He had been granted land in what is now Swampscott, Massachusetts, and was regularly elected one of the colony's assistants despite his absence. In 1637 he sat on the tribunal that resulted in the banishment of Anne Hutchinson.

Possibly dissatisfied with the religiously intolerant nature of the Massachusetts government, Humphrey became involved in a scheme headed by Lord Say and Sele to colonise Providencia Island in the Caribbean. His attempts to influence Massachusetts residents to migrate there did not sit well with other Massachusetts leaders, who disagreed with his relatively tolerant views on religion. In 1640 Lord Say and Sele offered, and Humphreys accepted, appointment as governor of the Providence Island colony. A ship of colonists he sent there from New England arrived in 1641 to find the island in Spanish hands, and was forced to return.

Unhappy with the state of affairs in Massachusetts, Humphreys and his wife left the colony in late 1641 for England. Humphreys aligned himself with the Independent faction associated with Henry Vane the Younger and others during the English Civil War. In the late 1640s he became involved in an attempt to establish a more religiously tolerant colony in The Bahamas; the colonisation attempt failed due to a shipwreck and political-religious differences. Humphreys died in England in 1651.[7][8]

With his second wife he had six children that remained in New England; he also appears to have had a son by his first wife. The children he left in Massachusetts ended not being well cared for, and three daughters were subjected to physical and sexual abuse.

A house supposedly built for him still stands in Swampscott and is known as the John Humphreys House (sic); it is one of the oldest wooden houses in the United States.

• Breen, Louise A (2001). Transgressing the Bounds: Subversive Enterprises Among the Puritan Elite in Massachusetts, 1630–1692. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513800-9. OCLC 213296589.
• Whitman, History of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, Volume 1.
• Avery, John Humfrey, Massachusetts magistrate
• Malden Historical Society, Register of the Society, Issues 5–6
• Morison, Samuel Eliot (1995) [1935]. The Founding of Harvard College. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674314511. OCLC 185403584.
• Staloff, Darren (1998). The Making of an American Thinking Class. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195149821. OCLC 469081745.