John Small (American soldier)
John Small (1759–1821) was an Irish immigrant to Pennsylvania who served in the American Revolutionary War. After the war, he served as Sheriff of Knox County, Indiana, as a territorial legislator, and as Indiana Territory's first Adjutant General.[1]
Biography
Small immigrated to Pennsylvania with his family and began an apprenticeship as a gunsmith.[2] He served as an armorer during Lord Dunmore's War.[3] During the American Revolutionary War, he served as a private in the Washington County, Pennsylvania militia. He apprenticed with Richard Butler and William Butler while at Fort Pitt.[3]
After the war, in 1785, Small relocated to Vincennes, Indiana.[4] He became an officer in the local militia, and participated in the 1786 Battle of the Embarras River.[5] Small also corresponded with George Rogers Clark that same year, and petitioned for military aid from Kentucky.[6]
Small worked as a gunsmith, merchant, and tavern owner. He was appointed sheriff on 4 July 1790, and the tavern was used as the first Knox County Courthouse.[2][7] Small was a representative for Knox County to the Northwest Territory Legislature in 1799. In 1800, Small was appointed as Indiana Territory's first adjutant general under territorial Governor William Henry Harrison,[2] and given the rank of lieutenant colonel.[8] He held this office for over a decade, including the Battle of Tippecanoe, but stepped down with Governor Harrison during the War of 1812.[9]
John Small's tavern temporarily housed the Indiana Territorial Legislature in 1813.[10]
Rifles
- The Indiana State Museum houses a John Small flintlock rifle owned by James Girty (1743–1817),[4] and another believed to be owned by Francis Vigo.[11] The state museum collection also includes a tomahawk pipe made by John Small.[12]
- One of Small's rifles is on display at William Henry Harrison's territorial governor's home, Grouseland. This "Grouseland Rifle" was later converted to a percussion cap, and was designated as the official state rifle of Indiana.[10]
- It is believed that William Clark carried a John Small rifle during his expedition to the Pacific.[4] This rifle is currently owned by the Missouri State Museum.[11]
- The Smithsonian Institute has a tomahawk owned by Henry Knox which has been attributed to John Small.[11]
References
- Lowry, Jeff (Summer 2015). "Hoosier Adjutants General". Indiana Guardsman. Indiana National Guard. p. 14. Retrieved 12 September 2015.
- "Grouseland Rifle Crafted by First Indiana Sheriff Designated Official State Rifle". Whig Rose Journal Weblog of William Henry Harrison's Grouseland. 7 March 2012. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
- Jansen, Joe (June 2016). "The Grouseland Rifle: Tied to the Land". Muzzle Blasts. Muzzle Loading Rifle Association: 7.
- "James Girty Flintlock". Indianapolis: Indiana State Museum. Retrieved 15 September 2015.
- Day, Richard. "Daniel Sullivan, Frontiersman and Adventurer". National Park Service. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
- Helderman, Leonard C. (Ed). "Danger on the Wabash. Vincennes Letters of 1786". Indiana Magazine of History. Bloomington: Indiana University. Retrieved 15 September 2015.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
- Cauthorn, Henry S (1901). A History of the City of Vincennes, Indiana. From 1702-1901 (PDF). Cleveland: The Arther H. Clark Company. p. 48.
- A History of the National Guard of Indiana. Indianapolis: W.D. Pratt. 1901. p. 12.
- A History of the National Guard of Indiana. Indianapolis: W.D. Pratt. 1901. p. 39.
- Carden, Dan (8 February 2012). "Senate panel votes to make historic rifle Indiana's official gun". Times Media Company. Retrieved 13 September 2015.
- Jansen, Joe (June 2016). "The Grouseland Rifle: Tied to the Land". Muzzle Blasts. Muzzle Loading Rifle Association: 9.
- "Presentation Pipe-Tomahawk". Indianapolis: Indiana State Museum. Missing or empty
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