John Taylor (architect)

Sir John Taylor, KCB, FRIBA (15 November 1833 in Warkworth, Northumberland – 30 April 1912 in Surbiton, Surrey) was a British architect working for the Office of Works.

For other people named John Taylor, see John Taylor (disambiguation).

Entrance hall of the National Gallery, London, designed by John Taylor.
Dome of the National Gallery's entrance hall.

Early life

The son of a joiner,[1] Taylor first trained in the service of the Duke of Northumberland[2] and under Anthony Salvin,[1] who, from 1852,[3] remodelled the duke's Alnwick Castle.

Office of Works

After working with the contractors George Smith & Co., Taylor entered the Office of Works in 1859.[1] 1866–98 he served as Surveyor of palaces and public building in London district.[4]

Taylor's most active period as an architect began in 1879–80 with the construction of Bow Street Magistrates' Court which the listing entry describes as "dignified, eclectic Graeco-Roman with some slightly Vanbrughian details, rather in the Pennethorne manner."[5] In 1883–84 he was a judge in the competition for the Admiralty and War Office buildings in Whitehall, and in 1886 added a new storey to Marlborough House.

In the 1880s, Taylor was involved in restructuring work in a number of London's museums. He was responsible for display fittings of the new Natural History Museum and built the White Wing of the British Museum from 1882–84. From 1885–87,[6] Taylor designed and built the vestibule and central hall with staircase of the National Gallery, London, for which he is best known.

He was also involved in engineering projects such as the extension of the Thames Embankment at Millbank.

Consulting Architect

Highly regarded as a technical expert and planner of well-functioning buildings, Taylor remained attached to the Office of Works even after his retirement in 1898. As a consulting architect, he fulfilled the projects he had in hand.

Due to the death of its original architect William Young in 1900, Taylor, together with Young's son Clyde Francis Young, was given the task of completing the construction of the War Office building. He resigned from his post after the building's completion in 1906 but remained a member of the advisory committee on the new public buildings.[1]

Honours and memberships

Taylor was well respected as an architect as well as a public servant.

He became a member of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1881, was a member of its council from 1899–1900 and served as vice-president 1905–06.[1]

In recognition of his service, in 1895, Taylor was made Companion, and in 1897 Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath.[1]

Private life

Taylor was a member of the Civil Service Rifles and a good shot, winning several competitions of the National Rifle Association. He was also a keen golfer, captain of the Royal Wimbledon Golf Club and, in 1887, a founder member of the Royal St George's Golf Club at Sandwich, Kent.[1]

References
  1. Henry Tanner, revised by M. H. Port, Taylor, Sir John, in: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, published 3 January 2008
  2. Dictionary of Scottish Architects
  3. Richard Holder, Salvin, Anthony, in: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, published 23 September 2004
  4. Dod's peerage, baronetage and knightage of Great Britain and Ireland, London 1909, p. 967
  5. Bow Street Magistrates' Court and Police Station listing, Historic England
  6. National Gallery listing, Historic England
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