Joseon Navy

The Joseon Navy (Korean: 조선수군; Hanja: 朝鮮水軍) was the navy of the Korean dynasty of Joseon. While originally commissioned to protect merchant vessels and coastal towns from Japanese pirate raids, the Joseon navy is best known for defeating the Japanese naval forces during the Imjin War and is often credited with halting the Japanese invasion campaign and saving the dynasty from conquest.[1][2][3][4][5]

Joseon Navy
Coat of arms of Joseon
Country Korea
Allegiance King of Joseon
TypeNavy
RoleNaval warfare
Insignia
Ensign
Panokseons were sturdy and powerful battleships superior to the Japanese vessels during the Imjin war.
A modern replica of the turtle ship on display.

History
Main articles: Ōei Invasion and Japanese invasions of Korea (1592–1598)
See also: Joseon naval campaigns of 1592

During the Joseon Dynasty the navy and maritime operations fell into disuse, while fishing ships continued to operate and prosper. Because of the relative peace during the Joseon dynasty, the entire military itself weakened and was ignored. Also, with the policy of Korean kings that emphasized agriculture and Confucian ideals, the Korean navy along with the rest of the Korean military weakened steadily.

However, in 1419, King Sejong sent Yi Jongmu to raid the Japanese on Tsushima Island in the Oei Invasion as a response to Japanese Wokou raids on Korean coastal cities. Yi took 227 Korean ships and approximately 17,000 soldiers, landed, attacked, and plundered Japanese pirate settlements on Tsushima Island. The So clan, the ruling family of Tsushima requested negotiations. In the diplomatic exchanges that followed, Korea permitted the So clan to continue trade with Korean coastal harbors under the condition that the activities of Japanese pirates be suppressed.

Korea eventually developed strong wooden ships called panokseons that made up the backbone of the Joseon navy. In the 15th century, under the decree of King Sejong, more powerful cannons were developed and tested. Used on battleships, the cannons proved to be a great success during actions against Japanese pirate ships. Panokseons and the Korean navy were most widely used during the Japanese invasions of Korea (1592-1598), particularly under the leadership of Admiral Yi Sun-sin. Admiral Yi also developed the turtle ship, based upon an older design.The Kobukson, or Turtle Ship, was the world’s first armor plated warship.[6]

By the end of 19th century, the Joseon Navy had no significant naval force[7] other than coast defense fortresses. Although there was an attempt to modernize the navy by establishing a royal naval school, the Joseon Navy was brought to an end in 1895. In 1903, the government of the Korean Empire purchased its first modern war ship, the Yangmu.[8] Korean naval tradition was disrupted after Korea was annexed by the Empire of Japan in 1910 until 1945.

Ships

Besides the turtle ship and the panokseon, the Joseon Navy used many other ships:

  • Hyeopseon (Korean: 협선) was used primarily for reconnaissance.
  • Bigeodo (Korean: 비거도) small and fast. It almost completely disappeared after the Imjin War.
  • Geomseon (Korean: 검선) evolved from the Goryeo-era gwaseon (과선; 戈船). There were iron spikes on the roof like the turtle ship, but the geomseon was smaller, and usually had a complement of about 15 people.

They also used fishing boats for reconnaissance and sometimes in battle.

See also

References
  1. Turnbull, Stephen (Nov 20, 2012). The Samurai Invasion of Korea 1592-98. Osprey Publishing. p. 17. ISBN 9781782007128. Retrieved March 25, 2015. "His naval victories were to prove decisive in the Japanese defeat, although Yi was to die during his final battle in 1598."
  2. Perez, Louis (2013). Japan At War: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. p. 140. ISBN 9781598847413 https://books.google.com/books?id=RHXG0JV9zEkC&q=imjin+war+korean+victory&pg=PA140. Missing or empty |title= (help)"Just as a complete Japanese victory appeared imminent, Admiral Yi entered the war and quickly turned the tide."
  3. Perez, Louis (2013). Japan At War: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 140–141. ISBN 9781598847413 https://books.google.com/books?id=RHXG0JV9zEkC. Missing or empty |title= (help)"Yi's successes gave Korea complete control of the sea lanes around the peninsula, and the Korean navy was able to intercept most of the supplies and communications between Japan and Korea"
  4. Elisonas, Jurgis. "The inseparable trinity: Japan's relations with China and Korea." The Cambridge History of Japan. Vol. 4. Ed. John Whitney Hall. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1991. pp. 278
  5. Lee, Ki-baik. A New History of Korea. Trans. Edward W. Wagner and Edward J. Schultz. Seoul: Ilchokak, 1984. pp. 212
  6. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-09-04. Retrieved 2011-04-18.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. "The First US Naval Attaché to Korea". Central Intelligence Agency Official Website. Retrieved May 6, 2007.
  8. "제3장 군사학교의 설립과 사관양성 (PDF Format)" Archived 2007-12-01 at the Wayback Machine. Ministry of National Defense - Institution for Military History Compilation Official Website. Retrieved May 1, 2007.
  • Stephen Turnbull, "Samurai Invasion - Japan's Korean War 1592-1598", Cassel & Co, 2002
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