Joshua Hill (politician)

Joshua Hill (January 10, 1812 – March 6, 1891) was an American politician who served as a United States Senator from the state of Georgia.

For the Pitcairn Islands leader, see Joshua Hill (Pitcairn Island leader).
Joshua Hill
United States Senator
from Georgia
In office
February 1, 1871 – March 3, 1873
Preceded byAlfred Iverson, Sr.
Succeeded byJohn B. Gordon
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Georgia's 7th district
In office
March 4, 1857 – January 23, 1861
Preceded byNathaniel G. Foster
Succeeded byDistrict inactive
Personal details
Born(1812-01-10)January 10, 1812
Abbeville County, South Carolina
DiedMarch 6, 1891(1891-03-06) (aged 79)
Madison, Georgia
Political partyAmerican Party, Republican

Joshua Hill was born in 1812, in the Abbeville District, South Carolina to Joshua Hill, Sr. and Nancy Ann Wyatt Collier.[1] He attended the common schools, and upon graduation took up the study of law. In 1833 Hill moved to Monticello, Georgia where he establish a law practice.[2] Hill married Emily Reid of Monticello in 1836, she was 16 years old. They had four daughters and one son.[1] Fifteen years later, in 1848 Hill moved to Madison, where he would maintain a residence for the rest of his life.[2][3]

Political career

U.S. House of Representatives

Hill is said to have had "strong Whig and Unionist principles" which aligned him with Whig Party until that organization dissolved in Georgia.[3] Hill then became a member of the American Party (also called the Know-Nothing Party). The Know Nothing Party in his congressional district nominated Hill (without his solicitation) to run for the United States House of Representatives from Georgia in 1857, and it was under that banner that he was elected.[2][3] He was re-elected to a second term in 1859, but resigned on January 23, 1861, shortly after the state convention passed an ordinance of secession in Georgia.

Mayor of Madison, Georgia

In 1864, Hill was elected mayor of Madison, Georgia.[1] During the later stages of the Civil War, Hill lost his only son during the Atlanta Campaign in fighting near Lithonia, Georgia. When Hill went to retrieve his son's body, he stopped to speak with General William Tecumseh Sherman, with a request that Union troops under Sherman's command not burn the town of Madison which was on the path of Sherman's March to the Sea.[1] While Sherman agreed, the portion of his troops passing through Madison were under the command of subordinate General Henry Warner Slocum. When General Slocum approached Madison, Joshua Hill went out to meet him. General Slocum honored the agreement previously struck with General Sherman, and only burned the cotton gin, the railroad station, and anything that contributed to the war effort, but not houses.[1]

United States Senate

Following the end of the Civil War, Hill was elected to the United States Senate from Georgia as a Republican in 1867. However, he did not serve in the Senate until 1871 when Georgia was readmitted to the United States. He served in the Senate until the end of his term in 1873 and did not run for reelection. He resumed the practice of law and died in Madison, Georgia.

Hill became the first Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Georgia. Soon afterwards, Reconstruction ended, and Georgia would not elect another Republican to the Senate until Mack Mattingly in 1980.[4]

Death and legacy

Hill died in Madison on March 6, 1891, with interment in Madison Cemetery.[5] He is remembered for his congressional work, obtaining the transfer of deed of the old U.S. Mint Offices in Dahlonega, Georgia to the fledgling North Georgia Agricultural College which later evolved into the University of North Georgia.

References
  1. "Joshua Hill - The Man Who Saved Madison from Sherman". Madison-Morgan Convention & Visitors Bureau. December 17, 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
  2. Lucien E. Roberts (March 1937). "The Political Career of Joshua Hill, Georgia Unionist". The Georgia Historical Quarterly. 21 (1): 50–72. JSTOR 40576478.
  3. "Joshua Hill Home (Historic Marker)". Georgia Historical Society. June 16, 2014. Retrieved April 19, 2019.
  4. Charles Campbell (November 9, 1980). "Georgia's GOP Senate legacy isn't too long, but is colorful". The Augusta Chronicle. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
  5. "HILL, Joshua, (1812 - 1891)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved April 20, 2019.
U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by
Nathaniel G. Foster		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Georgia's 7th congressional district
March 4, 1857 – January 23, 1861		 Succeeded by
vacant1
U.S. Senate
Preceded by
vacant2		 U.S. senator (Class 3) from Georgia
February 1, 1871 – March 3, 1873
Served alongside: Homer V. M. Miller, Thomas M. Norwood		 Succeeded by
John B. Gordon
Notes and references
1. Because of Georgia's secession from the Union in 1861, seat was vacant from 1861 to 1868, before Pierce M. B. Young was elected to the seat.
2. Because of Georgia's secession from the Union in 1861, seat was vacant from 1861 to 1871, after Alfred Iverson, Sr. withdrew from the Senate.
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