Julius Büdel

Julius Büdel (8 August 1903 – 28 August 1983) was a German geomorphologist noted for his work on the influence of climate in shaping landscapes and landforms.[2] In his work Büdel stressed the importance of inherited landforms in present-day landscapes and argued that many landforms are the result of a combination of processes, and not of a single process.[1] Büdel estimated that 95% of mid-latitude landforms are relict.[3][1] Büdel studied both cold-climate processes in Svalbard and "tropical" weathering processes in India to understand the origin of the relief of Central Europe, which he argued was a palimpsest of landforms formed at different times and under different climates.[1] For Central Europe Büdel concluded that in Late Cretaceous to Early Pliocene times etchplains formed. Then in Late Pliocene to Early Pleistocene times a transition period occurred in landscape forming processes. Finally in the Late Pleistocene periglaciation and deep permafrost made Central Europe a place of "excessive valley cutting". Holocene developments would not have affected much of the landscape other than adding a deep soil cover.[4]

Julius Büdel
Born(1903-08-08)8 August 1903
Died28 August 1983(1983-08-28) (aged 80)
NationalityGerman
CitizenshipGermany, West Germany
Known forMorphogenetic zones
Relief generations
AwardsAlbrecht-Penck-Medaille (1968)
Victoria Medal (1981)
Scientific career
FieldsClimatic geomorphology
InstitutionsUniversity of Würzburg
InfluencesSiegfried Passarge[1]
Albrecht Penck[1]

Through his life Büdel published three influential morphoclimatic zoning schemes. The first, in 1948, was followed by another in 1963, and a final version in 1977.[5] Büdel's schemes emphasise planation and valley-cutting in relation to climate, arguing that valley-cutting is dominant in subpolar regions while planation is so in the tropics.[3]

Much of Büdel's 1977 book Klima-geomorphologie was considered outdated as of 2006. However its pioneering approaches make it a classic in geomorphological literature.[1]

The Büdel Islands in Antarctica were named after him.[6]

Morphogenetic zones according to Büdel (1977)
German name[7]English translation[3]Latitude[3]Example[3]
Glacial zone (and immediately adjacent area)90–65° N
60–90° S
Greenland, Antarctica
Die subpolare Zone exzessiver TalbildungSubpolar zone of excessive valley cutting80–60° NCanadian Arctic, Taymyr Peninsula
Taiga valley cutting zone, in the permafrost region70–50° NRussian Far East
Ektropische Zone retardierter TalbildungEctropic zone of retarded valley cutting60–35° N
35–55° S
Most of Europe, Patagonia, Eurasian Steppe
Subtropic zone of mixed relief development, etesian region40–30° N
30–35° S
Morocco, Syria, Central Chile.
Subtropic zone of mixed relief development, monsoonal region45–25° N
20–40° S
Uruguay, Eastern Cape, South Korea
Die randtropische Zone exzessiver FlächenbildungPeritropical zone of excessive planation30° N–30° SVenezuela, Angola, Mozambique, Vietnam
Die innertropische Zone partieller FlächenbildungInter-tropical zone of partial planation20° N–10° SPanama, Gabon, Sumatra
Warme Trockenzone der Flächenerhaltung und traditionalen Weiterbildung (vorweg durch Sandschwemmebenen)Warm arid zone of surface preservation and traditionally continued development, largely through fluvio-aeolian sandplains35–10° N
5–30° S
Atacama, Sahara, Thar, Australian Outback
Winterharte Trockenzone der Flächenüberprägung (Transformation) vorweg durch Pedimenteund GlacisWinter cold arid zone of surface transformation, largely through pediments and glacis50–30° NGobi, Taklamakan, Maranjab

See also

References

  1. Migoń, Piotr (2006). "Büdel, J. 1982: Climatic geomorphology. Princeton: Princeton University Press. (Translation of Klima-geomorphologie, Berlin-Stuttgart: Gebrüder Borntraeger, 1977.)". Progress in Physical Geography. 30 (1): 99–103. doi:10.1191/0309133306pp473xx. S2CID 129512489.
  2. Mensching, Horst G. (1983), "Julius Büdel und sein konzept der klima-geomorphologie – rückschau und würdigung", Erkunde (in German), 38 (3): 157–166
  3. Sarre, R.D. (1993). "Climatic geomorphology". In Kearey, Philip (ed.). The Encyclopedia of the Solid Earth Sciences. Blackwell Science Ltd. pp. 112–114. ISBN 978-0-632-03699-8.
  4. Sarre, R.D. (1993). "Climato-genetic geomorphology". In Kearey, Philip (ed.). The Encyclopedia of the Solid Earth Sciences. Blackwell Science Ltd. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-632-03699-8.
  5. Gutiérrez, Mateo; Gutiérrez, Francisco (2013). "Climatic Geomorphology". Treatise on Geomorphology. 13. pp. 115–131.
  6. Geographic Names Information System of the United States Geological Survey
  7. Klima-Geomorphologie
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