KPNA4
karyopherin subunit alpha-4, also known as importin alpha-3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KPNA4 gene.[5][6]
Function
The nuclear import of karyophilic proteins is directed by short amino acid sequences termed nuclear localization signals (NLSs). Karyopherins, or importins, are cytoplasmic proteins that recognize NLSs and dock NLS-containing proteins to the nuclear pore complex. The protein encoded by this gene shares the sequence similarity with Xenopus importin-alpha and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Srp1. This protein is found to interact with the NLSs of DNA helicase Q1 and SV40 T antigen.[7]
References
- GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000186432 - Ensembl, May 2017
- GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027782 - Ensembl, May 2017
- "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- Seki T, Tada S, Katada T, Enomoto T (May 1997). "Cloning of a cDNA encoding a novel importin-alpha homologue, Qip1: discrimination of Qip1 and Rch1 from hSrp1 by their ability to interact with DNA helicase Q1/RecQL". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 234 (1): 48–53. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6535. PMID 9168958.
- Köhler M, Ansieau S, Prehn S, Leutz A, Haller H, Hartmann E (Nov 1997). "Cloning of two novel human importin-alpha subunits and analysis of the expression pattern of the importin-alpha protein family". FEBS Letters. 417 (1): 104–8. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(97)01265-9. PMID 9395085. S2CID 84237136.
- "Entrez Gene: KPNA4 karyopherin alpha 4 (importin alpha 3)".
- Liu L, McBride KM, Reich NC (Jun 2005). "STAT3 nuclear import is independent of tyrosine phosphorylation and mediated by importin-alpha3". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 102 (23): 8150–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.0501643102. PMC 1149424. PMID 15919823.
Further reading
- Bukrinsky MI, Haffar OK (Dec 1997). "HIV-1 nuclear import: in search of a leader". Frontiers in Bioscience. 2 (4): d578–87. doi:10.2741/A213. PMID 9366553.
- Bukrinsky MI, Haffar OK (Mar 1998). "HIV-1 nuclear import: matrix protein is back on center stage, this time together with Vpr". Molecular Medicine. 4 (3): 138–43. doi:10.1007/BF03401911. PMC 2230352. PMID 9562972.
- Bukrinsky MI, Sharova N, Dempsey MP, Stanwick TL, Bukrinskaya AG, Haggerty S, Stevenson M (Jul 1992). "Active nuclear import of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 preintegration complexes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 89 (14): 6580–4. Bibcode:1992PNAS...89.6580B. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.14.6580. PMC 49545. PMID 1631159.
- Sharova N, Bukrinskaya A (Mar 1991). "p17 and p17-containing gag precursors of input human immunodeficiency virus are transported into the nuclei of infected cells". AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. 7 (3): 303–6. doi:10.1089/aid.1991.7.303. PMID 2064827.
- Di Marzio P, Choe S, Ebright M, Knoblauch R, Landau NR (Dec 1995). "Mutational analysis of cell cycle arrest, nuclear localization and virion packaging of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr". Journal of Virology. 69 (12): 7909–16. doi:10.1128/JVI.69.12.7909-7916.1995. PMC 189735. PMID 7494303.
- Gallay P, Swingler S, Song J, Bushman F, Trono D (Nov 1995). "HIV nuclear import is governed by the phosphotyrosine-mediated binding of matrix to the core domain of integrase". Cell. 83 (4): 569–76. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90097-7. PMID 7585960. S2CID 15536328.
- Freed EO, Englund G, Martin MA (Jun 1995). "Role of the basic domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 matrix in macrophage infection". Journal of Virology. 69 (6): 3949–54. doi:10.1128/JVI.69.6.3949-3954.1995. PMC 189124. PMID 7745752.
- Gallay P, Swingler S, Aiken C, Trono D (Feb 1995). "HIV-1 infection of nondividing cells: C-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation of the viral matrix protein is a key regulator". Cell. 80 (3): 379–88. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90488-3. PMID 7859280. S2CID 15064293.
- von Schwedler U, Kornbluth RS, Trono D (Jul 1994). "The nuclear localization signal of the matrix protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 allows the establishment of infection in macrophages and quiescent T lymphocytes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 91 (15): 6992–6. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.6992V. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.15.6992. PMC 44324. PMID 8041734.
- Heinzinger NK, Bukrinsky MI, Haggerty SA, Ragland AM, Kewalramani V, Lee MA, Gendelman HE, Ratner L, Stevenson M, Emerman M (Jul 1994). "The Vpr protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 influences nuclear localization of viral nucleic acids in nondividing host cells". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 91 (15): 7311–5. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.7311H. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.15.7311. PMC 44389. PMID 8041786.
- Bukrinsky MI, Haggerty S, Dempsey MP, Sharova N, Adzhubel A, Spitz L, Lewis P, Goldfarb D, Emerman M, Stevenson M (Oct 1993). "A nuclear localization signal within HIV-1 matrix protein that governs infection of non-dividing cells". Nature. 365 (6447): 666–9. Bibcode:1993Natur.365..666B. doi:10.1038/365666a0. PMID 8105392. S2CID 25678.
- Dubrovsky L, Ulrich P, Nuovo GJ, Manogue KR, Cerami A, Bukrinsky M (Jan 1995). "Nuclear localization signal of HIV-1 as a novel target for therapeutic intervention". Molecular Medicine. 1 (2): 217–30. doi:10.1007/BF03401569. PMC 2229944. PMID 8529100.
- Gallay P, Stitt V, Mundy C, Oettinger M, Trono D (Feb 1996). "Role of the karyopherin pathway in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nuclear import". Journal of Virology. 70 (2): 1027–32. doi:10.1128/JVI.70.2.1027-1032.1996. PMC 189908. PMID 8551560.
- Bukrinskaya AG, Ghorpade A, Heinzinger NK, Smithgall TE, Lewis RE, Stevenson M (Jan 1996). "Phosphorylation-dependent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and nuclear targeting of viral DNA". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (1): 367–71. Bibcode:1996PNAS...93..367B. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.1.367. PMC 40239. PMID 8552640.
- Sato A, Yoshimoto J, Isaka Y, Miki S, Suyama A, Adachi A, Hayami M, Fujiwara T, Yoshie O (Jun 1996). "Evidence for direct association of Vpr and matrix protein p17 within the HIV-1 virion". Virology. 220 (1): 208–12. doi:10.1006/viro.1996.0302. PMID 8659115.
- Popov S, Dubrovsky L, Lee MA, Pennathur S, Haffar O, aL-Abed Y, Tonge P, Ulrich P, Rexach M, Blobel G, Cerami A, Bukrinsky M (Oct 1996). "Critical role of reverse transcriptase in the inhibitory mechanism of CNI-H0294 on HIV-1 nuclear translocation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (21): 11859–64. Bibcode:1996PNAS...9311859P. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.21.11859. PMC 38149. PMID 8876228.
- Freed EO, Englund G, Maldarelli F, Martin MA (Jan 1997). "Phosphorylation of residue 131 of HIV-1 matrix is not required for macrophage infection". Cell. 88 (2): 171–3, discussion 173–4. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81836-X. PMID 9008157. S2CID 14097368.
- Gallay P, Hope T, Chin D, Trono D (Sep 1997). "HIV-1 infection of nondividing cells through the recognition of integrase by the importin/karyopherin pathway". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 94 (18): 9825–30. Bibcode:1997PNAS...94.9825G. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.18.9825. PMC 23276. PMID 9275210.
- Besançon F, Just J, Bourgeade MF, Van Weyenbergh J, Solomon D, Guillozo H, Wietzerbin J, Cayre YE (Aug 1997). "HIV-1 p17 and IFN-gamma both induce fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase". Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research. 17 (8): 461–7. doi:10.1089/jir.1997.17.461. PMID 9282826.
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