Kadina, South Australia

Kadina (/kəˈdiːnə/ kə-DEE-nə) is a town on the Yorke Peninsula of the Australian state of South Australia, approximately 144 kilometres north-northwest of the state capital of Adelaide. The largest town of the Peninsula, Kadina is one of the three Copper Triangle towns famous for their shared copper mining history. The three towns are known as "Little Cornwall" for the significant number of immigrants from Cornwall who worked at the mines in the late 19th century.

For other uses, see Kadina (disambiguation).

Kadina
South Australia
Kadina Town Hall
Kadina
Coordinates33°57′45″S 137°42′45″E
Population4,587 (2016 census)[1]
Established1861
Postcode(s)5554
Elevation44 m (144 ft)
Location144 km (89 mi) NNW of Adelaide
LGA(s)Copper Coast
State electorate(s)Narungga[2]
Federal Division(s)Grey
Mean max temp Mean min temp Annual rainfall
23.0 °C
73 °F		 10.8 °C
51 °F		 386.7 mm
15.2 in
Localities around Kadina:
Wallaroo Tickera Alford
Kadina Bute
Moonta Arthurton Paskeville

Kadina's surrounds form an important agricultural base for the region, and are used for growing cereal crops. Kadina used to be a mining town but now the majority of Kadina's land is used for farming.

Description

Kadina is about 20 kilometres (12 mi) north-east of Moonta and 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) east of the port town of Wallaroo. There are 6 suburbs making up Kadina's township, each being a distinct historic locality or hamlet. These are: Jericho, Jerusalem, Matta Flat, New Town and Wallaroo Mines as well as central Kadina itself.[3] Kadina East was previously a gazetted suburb east of Kadina's centre, later merged into Kadina itself.[3]

History

Aboriginal

The Narungga are the group of Indigenous Australians whose traditional lands include what is now termed Yorke Peninsula in South Australia. The name "Kadina" is thought to be derived from Kadiyinya, a Narungga word meaning 'Lizard Plain'.

European

Copper was discovered at Wallaroo Mines in 1859 and adjacent land north east of the site was surveyed in 1861 to house miners and became the Government Town of Kadina. Exceptional amounts of copper were found in the following years. Copper was also found in large amounts at the nearby Matta Mine and Doora Mine. The copper mines attracted many highly experienced Cornish miners to Kadina.

In 1862, the Hundred of Wallaroo and Hundred of Kadina were proclaimed in order to allow parcels of land to be sold in the vicinity of the copper mines. In the same year a horse-drawn railway from Kadina to the port at Wallaroo, west of the town, was opened.[4] Further lines connecting Kadina to Port Wakefield, to the southeast, and Bute, to the northeast (Kadina-Brinkworth railway line), opened in 1878 and 1879, respectively.[5][6]

In 1872 Kadina became a municipality by establishment of the Corporate Town of Kadina. By 1875, the population had increased to 20,000, mostly composed of Cornish miners. In 1907 the adjacent Government Town of Kadina East was surveyed west of Eliza Terrace to cope with the need to house the growing population of the town.[7]

Mining at Kadina ceased completely in 1938, and the rail lines fell into disuse and were closed in 1989.

Heritage listings

Kadina has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Geography and climate

Kadina exists in a semi-arid location, above Goyder's Line, and is surrounded by mallee scrub. It is located 8 kilometres inland and 44 metres above sea level. Kadina has a borderline dry Mediterranean/Semi-Arid climate (Koppen:Csa/Bsh) with seasonal temperatures a few degrees above Adelaide's temperatures. The average winter temperature is 15.4 °C and the average summer temperature is 30.5 °C. Average rainfall of Kadina is 388.8 millimetres. The weather patterns are similar to those of Adelaide.

Climate data for Kadina
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 47.9
(118.2)		 45.2
(113.4)		 41.6
(106.9)		 38.0
(100.4)		 30.5
(86.9)		 26.1
(79.0)		 24.2
(75.6)		 26.8
(80.2)		 35.0
(95.0)		 37.4
(99.3)		 44.7
(112.5)		 43.3
(109.9)		 47.9
(118.2)
Average high °C (°F) 30.5
(86.9)		 30.1
(86.2)		 27.4
(81.3)		 23.8
(74.8)		 19.3
(66.7)		 16.6
(61.9)		 15.5
(59.9)		 16.6
(61.9)		 19.5
(67.1)		 22.8
(73.0)		 25.8
(78.4)		 27.7
(81.9)		 23.0
(73.4)
Average low °C (°F) 15.7
(60.3)		 15.8
(60.4)		 13.8
(56.8)		 11.3
(52.3)		 8.5
(47.3)		 7.1
(44.8)		 5.7
(42.3)		 6.0
(42.8)		 7.4
(45.3)		 9.4
(48.9)		 11.9
(53.4)		 13.8
(56.8)		 10.5
(50.9)
Record low °C (°F) 8.0
(46.4)		 6.7
(44.1)		 5.3
(41.5)		 1.2
(34.2)		 0.8
(33.4)		 −2.8
(27.0)		 −2.2
(28.0)		 −0.6
(30.9)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 0.0
(32.0)		 3.3
(37.9)		 6.0
(42.8)		 −2.8
(27.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 14.9
(0.59)		 18.2
(0.72)		 19.1
(0.75)		 32.5
(1.28)		 45.8
(1.80)		 51.8
(2.04)		 48.5
(1.91)		 45.3
(1.78)		 38.9
(1.53)		 33.2
(1.31)		 22.5
(0.89)		 17.8
(0.70)		 388.5
(15.30)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) 3.2 2.9 3.8 6.5 10.0 12.1 13.1 12.6 10.0 8.1 5.6 4.4 92.3
Average afternoon relative humidity (%) 36 37 40 47 59 63 65 60 53 44 40 38 49
Source: [11]

Governance

Kadina is located within the local government area of the Copper Coast Council,[3] which was formed in 1997. The Copper Coast Council replaced the District Council of Kadina, which existed from 1888 to 1984, and the District Council of Northern Yorke Peninsula. The Corporate Town of Kadina, which had existed since 1872, was previously merged into the District Council of Kadina in 1977.

Kadina is part of the federal division of Grey and lies within the state electoral district of Narungga.[12][2]

Local economy

Mining

Kadina was once chiefly a copper mining town with the Wallaroo Mines being south-westerly adjacent to the township. Since the closure of the mine in the 1920s, agriculture has been the dominant local industry.

Broadacre cropping

Kadina is surrounded by lands used for broadacre cereal cropping. Staples such as barley, wheat as well as various oilseeds and legumes like canola, chickpeas and field peas are commonly grown in the area. Barley and wheat from the region is considered to be some of the best in the world.

Tourism

The town today consists of important historical colonial and federation buildings gathered around Victoria Square. Kadina also contains the Farm Shed Museum & Tourism Centre (Kadina Heritage Museum) and remnants of the Wallaroo Mines. Kernewek Lowender, a Cornish festival, is held every odd year in May in Kadina (as well as Moonta and Wallaroo, with each location hosting the festival for one day). Kadina and its surrounds benefit generally from the tourism throughout the Copper Triangle and has experienced general growth due throughout the 2000s and 2010s due to the Copper Cove housing development at Wallaroo.

Media

The town serves as the base for local radio station Gulf FM, broadcasting at 89.3 FM. The Yorke Peninsula Country Times newspaper is based in Kadina.

Notable people
  • Aerial view of Kadina (centre, inland), looking west toward Spencer Gulf
  • Miners, 1900
  • Copper City Brass Band, 1907
  • Shops in Graves Street, Kadina
  • Banking & Currency Museum
  • Introduced snails

See also

References
  1. Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Kadina (Urban Centre/Locality)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 23 November 2017.
  2. Narungga (Map). Electoral District Boundaries Commission. 2016. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  3. "Placename Details: Kadina". Property Location Browser. Government of South Australia. 21 March 2013. SA0033380. Retrieved 17 November 2017. Derivation of Name: See Hundred of Kadina; Other Details: Town surveyed in January 1861, no proclamation. Boundaries created in January 1999 for the long established name. Incorporates the Government Towns of Kadina and Kadina East. Anglicised version of the Narungga name Gardina for a camp in this area.
  4. "PORT WALLAROO. From our own Correspondent (July 7)". South Australian Weekly Chronicle. 12 July 1862. p. 3.
  5. "THE KADINA AND BARUNGA RAILWAY". South Australia Chronicle and Weekly Mail. 8 March 1879. p. 7.
  6. Callaghan, W.H. (February 2002). "Horse and Steam, Wheat and Copper". Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin: 9–27, 46–63.
  7. "Placename Details: Kadina East". Property Location Browser. Land Services, Government of South Australia. 12 May 2011. SA0033385. Retrieved 8 November 2017. Derivation of Name: Proximity to the town of Kadina; Other Details: Town surveyed in May 1907. Now incorporated in the bounded locality of Kadina.
  8. "Kadina Cemetery, including the Mortuary and Wall". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
  9. "Former Humphries Barber Shop (former Hancock's Barber Shop and Billiard Saloon)". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
  10. "Kadina Town Hall (incorporating 1880 Mechanics Institute)". South Australian Heritage Register. Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
  11. "Climate statistics for Kadina". Australian Bureau of Meteorology.
  12. "Federal electoral division of Grey" (PDF). Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.