Kanishka II

Kanishka II
Kanishka II
	Kushan emperor
	Coin with a depiction of Kanishka II.
Reign	200–222 CE
Predecessor	Vasudeva I
Successor	Vasishka

Kanishka II (Brahmi: Kā-ṇi-ṣka) was one of the emperors of the Kushan Empire from around 225–245 CE. He succeeded Vasudeva I who is considered to be the last great Kushan emperor.[1]

Rule

While he upheld Kushan rule in northern India, it is likely that Kanishka II lost the western part of his empire, namely Bactria/Tokharistan to the Sasanian Shapur I (240-272 CE), whose conquests would be consolidated by the Kushano-Sassanians.[1] In his inscriptions at Naqsh-e Rostam Shapur now claimed that he controlled the realm of the Kushans (Kūšān šahr) “up to Purushapura” (Peshawar), suggesting that he may have expanding even beyond the Hindu-Kush at the expense of the Kushans.[1] The rock inscription at Rag-i-Bibi further support this view.[1]

Several overstrikes by the Kushano-Sasanian Peroz I Kushanshah over coins of Kanishka II are known, and it is from the time of Peroz that the first Kushano-Sasanian coins were issued south of the Hindu-Kush.[2]

Kanishka II may have retaken control of Gandhara at one point, as well as Kapiśa, and there are suggestions that following these successes he may have created a second Era of Kanishka in celebration of the hundredth anniversary of the original one.[1]

Coinage and dated statuary

Coin of Kanishka II with lord shiva .
Kanishka II with Ardoksho.
Statue of Hariti from Skarah Dheri, Gandhara, with the inscription "Year 399", probably in the Yavana era, hence 244 CE.[3]

References

Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). From the Kushans to the Western Turks. p. 202.
Cribb 2018, p. 20-21.
Problems of Chronology in Gandharan Art pp.35-51, 2017

Sources

Cribb, Joe (2018). Problems of Chronology in Gandhāran Art: Proceedings of the First International Workshop of the Gandhāra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 23rd-24th March, 2017. University of Oxford The Classical Art Research Centre Archaeopress.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)

External links

Online catalogue of coins of Kanishka II

Preceded by Vasudeva I	Kushan Ruler	Succeeded by Vasishka

From the dated inscription on the Rukhana reliquary
An Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary of the Time of King Kharaosta and Prince Indravarman, Richard Salomon, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 116, No. 3 (Jul. - Sep., 1996), pp. 442
A Kharosthī Reliquary Inscription of the Time of the Apraca Prince Visnuvarma, by Richard Salomon, South Asian Studies 11 1995, Pages 27-32, Published online: 09 Aug 2010
Cribb, Joe; Donovan, Peter (2014). Kushan, Kushano-Sasanian, and Kidarite Coins A Catalogue of Coins From the American Numismatic Society by David Jongeward and Joe Cribb with Peter Donovan. p. 4.

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[KR202-1] Rezakhani, Khodadad (2017). From the Kushans to the Western Turks. p. 202.

[FOOTNOTECribb201820-21-2] Cribb 2018, p. 20-21.

[PC-3] Problems of Chronology in Gandharan Art pp.35-51, 2017

[4] From the dated inscription on the Rukhana reliquary

[5] An Inscribed Silver Buddhist Reliquary of the Time of King Kharaosta and Prince Indravarman, Richard Salomon, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 116, No. 3 (Jul. - Sep., 1996), pp. 442

[6] A Kharosthī Reliquary Inscription of the Time of the Apraca Prince Visnuvarma, by Richard Salomon, South Asian Studies 11 1995, Pages 27-32, Published online: 09 Aug 2010

[KKSK-7] Cribb, Joe; Donovan, Peter (2014). Kushan, Kushano-Sasanian, and Kidarite Coins A Catalogue of Coins From the American Numismatic Society by David Jongeward and Joe Cribb with Peter Donovan. p. 4.