Kanwar (tribe)

Kanwar believe that the term Kanwar have derived from Kauravas, the ruling clan of Mahabharata and state that they are descendants of one of the Kauravas. According to Trivedi(1971), the term Kanwar appears corruption of the Kauravas who were trusted soldiers of the Haihaiyavanshi chiefs of Ratanpur.[9] Hewitt (1869), considered them imperfect rajput, who settled in early times among the hills of Vindhya ranges and failed in becoming hinduised like other war-like immigrants.[6] Kanwar speak Hindi dialect like Chhattisgarhi and Sadri language.[10]

They are listed as Scheduled Tribe in Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand and Odisha.[11]

The Kanwar are landowning cultivators. As a subsidiary occupation they work as a labourer. They select a person to head the community council of several villages. He is assisted by elderly members of the community. The council looks after the social order of the community.

They worship many gods including Dulha deo, Bahan Deo, Thakur Deo, Shikar Deo and Goddess including Sagai Devi, Matin Devi, Banjari Devi etc.[9]

Kanwar have eight endogamous division- Tanwar, Kamalbansi, Paikara, Dudh Kanwar, Rathia, Chanti, Cherwa and Rautia. Of these Cherwa, Rathia and Tanwar have been included in Schedule Tribe list. They are patrilineal, patriarchal and patrilocal. Kanwar have large number of exogamous totemic septs which are named after plants and animals. Some totemic septs are Baghwa (tiger), Chita (leopard), Bilwa (wild cat) , Bokar (goat), Bichhi (scorpion), Bhainsa (buffalo) and Sua (parrot). Other septs include Adila, Bhandari, Chandrama (moon), Chanwar (a whisk), Champa (plumeria flower), Chua(well), Daharia, Dhanguru, Dhenki (A pounding -lever), Darpan (a mirror), Fulbandhia, Gobra ( dung beetle), Hudra (wolf), Kothi (a store-house), Khumri(A leaf- umbrella), Lodha(a wild dog), Gonga Cochar, Sanwami, Manjhi, Nahna, Samund, Kodia Dudh, Son Pakhar and Sikuta.[6]

The proposal for a match comes from the boy's father rather than the girls. After selecting a suitable bride, the groom's family sends a party to the bride's family saying the groom would like to have a cup of pej (rice-water) from them, what do they say? If the girl's family makes pej, the proposal is approved. During the betrothal ceremony, when the boy’s party go to the girl’s house with a present of bangles, clothes, and fried cakes of rice and urad carried by a Kaurai Rawat. They also take suk, the bride-price, along with goats to be eaten during the wedding. For the marriage they put on special dress, which is passed down for generations. The marriage is done when the bride and groom walk together 6 times around a pole in the girl's house. Afterwards the parents of the girl wash the couple's feet with milk. They then go to the groom's house and repeat the same procedure there. On the following day the couple go and bathe in a tank, where each throws five pots of water over the other. And on their return the bridegroom shoots arrows at seven straw images of deer over his wife’s shoulder, and after each shot she puts a little sugar in his mouth. This is to indicate he will support his family through hunting. On the fourth day, the bride returns to her old home to play the game of Gauri with younger girls. After 3 months of this, she goes to her husband's house.[10]