Kaviyoor Ponnamma

Kaviyoor Ponnamma is an Indian film actress who appears in Malayalam films and television. She began her career performing in theatre dramas before foraying into cinema. She has also acted in TV serials and commercials and has playback singing credits in few films. Ponnamma is a four-time Kerala State Film Award for Second Best Actress winner. Her sister Kaviyoor Renuka was also an actress.

Kaviyoor Ponnamma
Born (1945-09-10) 10 September 1945
Kaviyoor, Thiruvalla, India
NationalityIndian
OccupationActress
Years active1959–Present
Spouse(s)
M. K. Maniswami
​
​
(m. 1969; died 2011)​
ChildrenBindu
Parent(s)T. P. Damodharan
Gauri
RelativesKaviyoor Renuka (sister)

Life and career

As a five-year-old, she learned music and used to sing in stage shows.[1] She started acting in dramas when she was 14 years old, starting off with Mooladhanam of Thoppil Bhasi. After five years, came her first movie Kudumbini, in which she did the title role of the mother of two kids.[2]

Personal life

She was born to T. P. Damodharan and Gauri, as the eldest of seven children, on 4 January 1945 in Kaviyoor, Thiruvalla.[3] She has six siblings in which Kaviyoor Renuka (d. 2004), her younger sister, was also an actress.[4] Ponnamma was married to film producer Maniswami. The couple has a daughter Bindhu who is settled in the United States.[2] Her husband Maniswami died in 2011.[5]

The roles of Kaviyoor Ponnamma-Prem Nazir, Jayan & Mohanlal duo as mother and son are noted in Malayalam movies.

Awards

Kerala State Film Awards:

Film City Magazine- Chalachitra Ratnam' Title - 2006

Pappanamkode Lakshmanan Award - 2006

O Madhavan Award - 2009

Bharath Murali Award - 2012

Kala Ratna award - EV Kala Mandalam - 2013

PK Rosy Award - 2015

Good Knight Film and Business Awards - 2017

Gurupranam - Honour by Malayalam Cine Technicians’ Association (MACTA) - 2013

Honour by KSFDC - 2015

Honour by Kerala State Film Awards - 2016

Felicitation by Kerala State Film Awards - 2017

Kausalya Vandanam programme Honour - 2017

Kalaiselvam Award - Government of Tamil Nadu

Honour by Kaviyoor Panchayat

DLSA Honour

Filmography

2010s
YearFilmRoleNotes
TBAAmmachikoottile PranayakalamUmma
2019MamangamChandroth Valiya Panikkar's mother
2019Muthassikkoru MuthuNaani Muthassi
2019Mr. Pavanayi 99.99Soni's grandmother
2017VedamSabarinath's grandmother
2017AchayansValyammichi
2017ManchattiMariyamma
2017Oru Muthassiyude kathaAnjali's mother-in-law
2016Thoppil JoppanJoppan's mother
2016OppamJayaraman's valiyammayi
2016Pa VaAgnes/Sister amma
2016Poy Maranju ParanjuVinu's grandmother
2016DhanayathraVijila's mother
2016Kammal-
2015Njan Samvidhanam CheyyumSwamini Amma
2014100 Degree CelsiusLovely's mother-in-law
2014AvatharamMadhavan's mother
2013Kadal Kadannoru MathukkuttyMariyamma
2013GingerVivekanandan's mother
2012Mr. MarumakanBhavani Amma
2012Theruvu NakshatrangalMukundan's mother
2012ManjadikuruDevayani
2012Namukku ParkkanRajeev's mother
2012Mazhavillinattam Vare-
2012Orkut Oru OrmakootAmminiyamma
2012Lumiere BrothersHerselfArchive footage
2011Ithu Nammude KathaVinod's grandmother
2011Swapnamalika-
2011CollectorAvinash Varma's mother
2011101 Ruppika-
2011Christian BrothersJoseph Vadakkan's mother

2000s
YearFilmRole
2009Kappal MuthalaaliBhoominathan's mother
2009To Harihar NagarAndrew's mother
2009MeghatheerthamGayathri Devi
2009Ividam SwargamanuElssama
2009Women in Malayalam CinemaHerself
2008Kavyam
2008GulmoharDevaki
2008De Ingotttu NokkiyeVettikadu Sadasivan's mother
2008SulthanPatient
2008Twenty:20Bharathi Amma
2007Anchil Oral ArjunanEasweriyamma
2007KombanKichan's mother
2007Anamika
2006Baba KalyaniMeenakshiamma
2006Aanachandam
2006Vadakkum NathanRugmavathi Amma
2005Amma (Telefilm for Amrita TV)-
2004MaampazhakkaalamLakshmi
2004NatturajavuCharlie's Mother
2004RunwayBharathiyamma
2004 VismayathumbathuSreekumar's Mother
2004 Njaan Salperu Raman Kutty Ramankutty's mother
2004Parijatham
2004Nothing but LifeCameo
2004Made In USACameo
2003ParinaamamMalathi
2003Pattanathil SundaranBhavaniyamma
2003AmmakilikkooduMarykutty Teacher
2003Swantham MalavikaVysakhan's mother
2003Sahodaran Sahadevan
2003Hariharan Pillai Happy AanuPadmavathiyamma
2003Mr. BrahmachariAnanthan Thampi's Mother
2002NandanamUnni Amma
2002Jagathy Jagatheesh in TownDevaki Amma
2001UthamanJayaraj's mother
2001Aakaashathile ParavakalSridevi's grandmother
2001KakkakuyilSethu Lakshmi Bhai 'Thampuratty'
2000Arayannagalude VeeduLakshmi
2000Ramayanakkili

1990s
YearFilmCharacterNotes
1999Ezhupunna TharakanKunjannamma
1999The GodmanAmarnath's Mother
1999Njangal SanthushtarannuMother Superior
1999Pallavur DevanarayananBhageerathi
1998Amma AmmayiammaSarada
1998PoothiruvathiranalilRaghu's mema
1998Kottaram Veettil AppoottanAppoottan's mother
1998ManjeeradwaniSubhadra's mother
1998PriyuraluSubhadra's motherTelugu film
1998Aram Jaalakam
Amme Prabhathamayi-Short film
1997SnehasindhooramUma's mother
1997Ithaa Oru SnehagaathaDaniel's mother
1997Swantham Makalkku Snehapoorvam
1995KarmaRukmini
1995Mannar Mathai SpeakingMeera's Mother
1995Minnaminunginum MinnukettuHari's mother
1995SadaramBhanumathi
1995No.1 Snehatheeram Bangalore NorthVijayabhaskar's mother
1995Puzhayorathoru PoojariSreedevi
1994ChukkanLakshmi
1994BheesmacharyaPonnutty
1994Thenmavim KombathYeshodhamma
1994SukruthamRavishankar's mother
1994SanthanagopalamKurup's wife
1994Njan KodeeshwaranJanaki
1994Kudumba ViseshamBharathi
1994Vendor Daniel State LicencyAnnamma
1993VatsalyamJanakiyamma
1993Maya MayooramJanakiyamma
1993KavadiyattamSethulakshmi
1993ChenkolSethumadhavan's mother
1993KalippattamSarojam's mother
1993GandharvamGracykutty
1993OttayadipathakalAnoop's mother
1993SopanamSethu
1993Oru Kadankatha PoleSekaharan's mother
1993SamagamamAnnakutty
1993Vietnam ColonyParvathiyammal
1992Pappayude Swantham AppoosMeenakshi's mother
1992MahanagaramViswanathan's Mother
1992Ponnurukkum PakshiAnanthan's mother
1992Sabarimalayil Thanka SooryodayamChandran Pillai's wife
1992Mugha MudraLakshmi
1992AayushkaalamAby Mathew's mother
1992KudumbasammethamKochukutty
1991AparahnamJanakiyamma
1991Kizhakkunarum PakshiAnanthan's mother
1991EzhunallathMrs. James
1991AranguMadhavi
1991Apoorvam ChilarSarojam
1991BharathamDevaki
1991DhanamSivasankaran Nair's mother
1991Pookkalam VaravayiNandan's Mother
1991SandesamBhanumathi
1991UlladakkamSunny's Mother
1991Aparaahnam-
1991Nithyavasanthan NithyavismayamHerselfDocumentary
1991Kingini
1990OliyampukalAnnamma
1990MidhyaRajagopal's Mother
1990His Highness AbdullahBhageerathi Thampuratti
1990In Harihar NagarAndrew's Mother
1990Kuruppinte Kanakku PustakomVinayachandran's Mother
1990RajavazhchaNaniyamma
1990KaattukuthiraManka
1990Nanma Niranjavan SreenivasanSreenivasan's mother
1990KaanamarayathuMother Superior
1990KshanakathuVivekanandan's mother
1990Kadathandan AmbadiKunki
1990PurappaduKunjimaluvamma
1990Ee Thanutha Veluppan KalathuNurse Leelavathi

1980s
YearFilmCharacterNotes
1989DasharathamChandradas' Mother
1989DevadasDevadas' Mother
1989JaathakamJanaki
1989KireedamAmmu
1989AksharathettuSumati's mother
1989AdhipanShyam Prakash's mother
1989VandanamUnnikrishnan's mother
1989Muthukkudayum ChoodiMadhavi
1989Mazhavil KavadiVelayudhankutty's Mother
1989Oru Sayahnathinte SwapnamMariyamma
1989Peruvannapurathe VisheshangalDevaki
1989UlsavapittennuKalyaniyamma
1989Unnikrishnante Adyathe ChristmasAliyamma
1989Swantham Ennu KaruthiAliyamma
1988MukthiMadhaviyamma
1988SathyaMalayali shop ownerTamil
1988Ente AmmaSathyabhama
1988VidaparayamanthramKarthi
19881921Keshavankutty's mother
1988Marikkunilla NjaanNarayaniyamma
1988Onnum Onnum Pathinonnu-
1987AnantaramYoginiyamma
1987ThaniyavarthanamBalan's mother
1987Kaiyethum DoorathuJanaki
1987Achuvettante VeeduVipin's Mother
1987Irupatham NoottanduMeenakshmiyamma
1987Oru Maymaasa Pulari-
1986Kshamichu Ennoru VakkuDr. Shanthamma
1986NakhashathangalValiyamma
1986Manassilloru ManimuthuMohan's mother
1986Malarum KiliyumPadmavathiyamma
1986Surabhi YamangalMeenakshi
1986Iniyum KurukshethramGomathi
1986Ennu Nathettante NimmiChithambaram's mother
1986Namukku Parkkan MunthirithoppukalRita
1986SughamodeviNandan's Mother
1986Koodanayum KattuAnnie's Mother
1986AkalangalilSethu's mother
1986Ente SoniaShanti
1986Kaveri-
1986Vishwasichallum Illenkilum-
1986Ariyatha Bandhukkal
1985Karimpin PoovinakkareBhadran's Mother
1985Makan Ente MakanParuvamma
1985Adhyayam Onnu MuthalLakshmi
1985Ente Ammu Ninte Thulasi Avarude ChakkiSathyabhama
1985Thinkalazhcha Nalla DivasamJanakikutty
1985AngadikkappurathuRosi
1985Ee Thanalil Ithiri NerumSavithri
1985Mounam NombaramIndu's mother
1985Guerilla
1984AdiyozhukkukalMariyamma
1984Ariyatha VeethikalJanakiyamma
1984KanamarayathuMother Superior
1984Lakshmana RekhaRadha's mother
1984ManithaliZulfikar's mother
1984ThirakalMadhaviyamma
1984KodathyMeenakshiyamma
1984Swanthamevide BandhamevideLakshmi
1984Oru PainkilikathaKamaalakshi
1984Ningalil Oru SthreeLatha's mother
1984Ente Gramam-
1984Ente Nandhinikutty
1984Somayagam
1984Mukhamukham
1983MarakkillorikkalumSharada
1983Manassoru MahaasamudramDevaki
1983Enne Njan ThedunnuLakshmiyamma
1983Nizhal Moodiya NirangalThambi's & Unni's mother
1983Hello Madras GirlSreedevi Amma
1983Enikku VishakunnuChinnamma
1983Sesham KazhchayilShankar's mother
1983BandhamSreedeviyamma
1983OmanathingalGopi's mother
1983Nadhi Muthal Nadhi VareAdv.Lakshmi
1983PorushamSaraswathi
1982MarupachaPonnamma
1982PanchajanyamLakshmidevi
1982Maattuvin ChattangaleJayan's mother
1982IlakkangalUnnis' mother
1982Kattile PattuRaji
1982BeedikunjammaMadhavan's Mother
1982KaaliyamardhanamGeetha's mother
1982BalloonLakshmiyamma
1982Bheeman
1982Kallimullu
1981ThrishnaChinnammu
1981AvatharamLakshmikuttyamma
1981AgnisaramBhavani
1981VayalSaraswathi
1981SphodanamGopi's Mother
1981Maniyan Pilla Adhava Maniyan PillaDevaki
1981Orikkal KoodiChandran's Mother
1981Oppol-
1981Nizhal YudhamDevu
1981Saahasam
1981Chamayam
1981Anandharam
1981Swapnaragam
1981Arathy
1980Love in SingaporePremachandran's Mother
1980KarimpanaMuthan's mother
1980PappuActressGuest appearance
1980AnthappuramBhavani
1980Thirayum TheeravumMohan's mother
1980Manushya MrugamBabu's Mother
1980ChaamaramKarthyayani
1980Oru Varsham Oru Maasam
1980Moorgan
1980Karnan

1970s
NoYearFilmCharacterNotes
1711979MamangamChathunni's Mother
1701979PrabhaathasandhyaUsha's Mother
1691979Itha Oru TheeramMadhavi
1681979Yakshi PaaruThampi's wife
1671979PrabhuDevaki
1661979SarppamBhavani
1651979AarattuAnnamma
1641979Cheriyachante KroorakrithyangalEliyamma
1631979Aayiram Vasanthangal-
1621979Pushyaragam-
1611979Pambaram-
1601979Driver Madyapichirunnu
1591979Manushyan
1581978Randil OnnuMaheshwari
1551978RathinirvedamSaraswathi
1541978Kudubam Namukku SreekovilYashodha Devi
1531978Avalude RavikalLakshmi
1521978EetaPhilomina
1511978KalpavrikshamNun
1501978Samayamilla PolumSavithri
1491978Sthree Oru Dhugham-
1481978Uthraadarathri-
1471978Praarthana-
1461978Rajan Paranja Katha-
1451978Society Lady-
1441978Anubhoothikalude Nimisham-
1431978Pichippoo
1421978Sathrathil Oru Raathri
1411978Udayam Kizhakku Thanne
1501978Tiger Salim
1491978Seemandhini
1481978Naalumanipookkal
1471978Aniyara
1461978Aazhi Alayayi
1451977PadasaramKamakshi
1441977Vidarunna MottukalLakshmi
1441977Acharam Ammini Osaram OmanaDakshayani
1431977Randu LokamMadhavi
1421977KodiyettamKamalamma
1411977 Itha Ivide VareKamalakshi
1401977Sathyavan SavithriArundathi Devi
1391977Muttathe MullaMaheshwari
1381977OonjaalBharathi
1371977NirakudamSathi
1361977SreemuruganKamalakshi
1351977Jagadguru AadisankaraAryadevi
1341977Innale InnuRadha's mother
1331977Mini Mol-
1321977Rajaparambara-
1311977Dheerasameere Yamuna Theere-
1301977Aa Nimisham-
1291977Varadakshina-
1281977Siva Thandavum
1271977Vezhambal
1261977Akshayapaathram
1251977Sreemad Bhagavad Geetha
1241977Rowdy Rajamma
1231976ThulavarshamBalan's mother
1221976AmrithavahiniLakshmi
1211976SindhuParvathiyamma
1201976Amba Ambika AmbalikaSathyavadhi
1191976Chottanikkara AmmaIndu's grandmother
1181976AppooppanSaraswathy
1171976Ajayanum VijayanumSusheela
1161976VazhivilakkuJanakiyamma
1151976Kayamkulam Kochunniyude MakanSuhara
1141976Romeo-
1131976Seemanthaputhran-
1121976Kanyaadaanam-
1111976Priyamvadha-
1101976Paarijaatham-
1091976Aruthu
1081975Pravaham Lakshmi
1071975Ulsavam Gopi's mother
1061975PrayanamAmmini amma
1051975MakkalLeela
1041975ThiruvonamJaanamma
1031975ChumaduthaangiLakshmi Amma
1021975SindhuParvathy Amma
1011975RaagamBlind school principal
1001975AbhimaanamKamalamma
901975Padmaragam-
891975Mattoru Seetha-
881975Tourist Bunglow-
871975Sammanam-
861975Malsaram
851974Devi KanyakumariOld lady
841974ChakravakamShosamma
831974Night DutySavithriyamma
821974Thacholi Marumakan ChanduUnnichirutha
811974Manyasree ViswamithranBhageeradhiyamma
801974NelluSavithri Varassyar
791974Arakkallan MukkakkallanLakshmi Thampuratti
781974SuprabhathamBaadal's mother
771974NeelakkannukalChellamma
761974Chanchala-
751973NirmalayamNarayani
741973ThaniniramSubhadra
731973Interview Saraswathi
721973DharmayudhamBhadra Thampuratti
711973AngathattuKunjukutti
701973Divya DarshanamPoojarini Amma
691973NaghangalKakkachi
681973Ponnapuram KottaUppaathi
671973ThiruvabharanamAntharjanam
661973PeriyarThresiakutty
651973Enippadikal-
641973Chenda-
631973Kavitha
621972PushpanjaliBhagi
611972Adyathe KadhaAmmukuttiyamma
601972GaandharvakshethramKalamezuthu Pattukari
591972AaromalunniThumbolarcha
581972ManthrakodiSaraswathi
571972AkkarappachaBhageerathi
561972Theertha YaathraKochikkavu
551972Sree GuruvayoorappanKurooramma
541972SathiPick-pocket's mother
531972Snehadeepame Mizhi ThurakkuSeetha
521972PuthrakameshtiMalati
511972AnweshanamPonnamma
501972Kalippava-
491971AabhijathyamJanaki
481971Makane Ninakku VendiThomachan's mother
471971VithukalAmmini
461971ShikshaMeenakshi
451971KarakanakadalTharuthi
441971Oru Penninte KathaSubhadra
431971VivaahasammanamParukuttyamma
421971KarinizhalModern lady, Vishva Lakshmi
411971SarasayyaThomaskutty's mother
401971KalithozhiParvathy Amma
391971Bobanum MoliyumSanthamma
381971Jalakanyaka-
371971C.I.D. In Jungle-
361970AnaadhaSarojam
351970NizhalattamRavi's Mother
341970TriveniParvathi
331970VivahithaKamalam
321970Cross BeltBhavani
311970Othenente MakanNaani
301970KalpanaDakshayaniyamma
291970Aa Chithrasalabham ParannotteLakshmi
281970Ammayenna SthreeJaanu
271970Palunkupathram

1950–1960s
NoYearFilmCharacterNotes
261969NadhiThresia
251969AalmaramAmmini Amma
241969KaattukuranguThulasi
231969Vila Kuranja Manushyar-
221968Velutha KathreenaMartha Pulayi
211968Vazhi Pizhacha Sandhidhi-
201968AsuravithuKunjootty
191967Anveshichu KandethiyillaAnnie's mother
181967Sahadharmmini-
171967Postman-
161967PoojaEeswariyamma
151967SwapnabhoomiSaraswathy
141966Pinchu HridayamSaraswathi
131966JailKarthyayaniyamma
121966Kayamkulam Kochunni-
111966Kanmanikal
101965RosiRosi
091965Odayil NinnuKalyani
081965Thommante MakkalAchaamma
071965DahamLakshmi Teacher
061964KudumbiniLakshmi
051964AtombombDolly Lakshmi
041964BharthavuSantha
031963Kalayum Kaaminiyum-
021962Sreerama PattaabhishekamMandodari
011958Mariakutty

As a movie playback singer
  • 1963 - "Kaavilamme Karinkali" - Kaattumaina
  • 1968 - "Methikkalathile" - Velutha Kathreena
  • 1972 - "Ambike Jagadambike" - Theerthayaathra
  • 1973 - "Mangalaam Kaavile" - Dharmayudham
  • 1982 - "Thushaaramanikal" - Illakkangal
  • 1982 - "Palathum Paranju" - Chiriyo Chiri
  • 1999 - "Unknown" - Pallavur Devanarayanan
  • 2001 - "Unnikkanna - Kakkakuyil

Television

Serials

Other programmes
  • Home Sweet Home
  • JB Junction
  • News Hour
  • Movies
  • Comedy Super Nite
  • Comedy Super Nite 2
  • Kathayillithu Jeevitham
  • Kayyoppu
  • Ponnamma Manssu Thurakkunnu
  • Malayalee House
  • On Record
  • Mukhamukham
  • Samagamam
  • FM Rainbow
  • Badayi Bungalow
  • Female Film Festival
  • Women in Action programm
  • Onam Cooking Show (Kairali We)
  • Thiranottam
  • Top Talk
  • CN Vlogs Onam 2019
  • Kayyur Film
  • Nithyaharitham Book release
  • Ee Vazhitharayil
  • Charithram Enniloode
  • International Children’s Film Festival of Kerala (ICFFK)
  • Mathrusparsham
  • KSFDC
  • Valthsallyam
  • Mothers’ Day programme
  • K.G. Jayan Felicitation
  • Aanachamayam
  • Thombil Palace Samrakshana Samiti Programme
  • Lohithadas Award Function
  • 65th Hindu Religious Meet
  • Interview (Kairali TV)
  • Onam Thoughts (Jaihind TV)
  • Ammakkorumma
  • Amma Ponnamma
  • Cinemayile Amma Ponnamma
  • Mohanam 2016
  • Limelight
  • Anjaloonjal
  • Attukal festival
  • Oru Vattam Koodi
  • Stall at Desam
  • Children's day Magic Show
  • Prem Nazir film festival
  • Media Award Presentation
  • Swantham Gramam Sundara Gramam
  • Amruthageethangal
  • Film Supporting Artistes’ Welfare Association
  • Good Knight Film and Business Awards 2017
  • Annorikkal
  • Nere Chovve
  • Lal Salam
  • Madhuram Madhuram Onam
  • Comedy Stars
  • Onathammamar
  • Star Singer
  • Red FM Malayalam Music Awards
  • Thanima Cultural Festival
  • Ormayile Ponnonam
  • JC Daniel Award - Jury
  • Katha Ithuvare
  • Amma Nakshathram
  • Mathrumadhuram Onam
  • Prem Nazir Foundation Award
  • 50 years of Vellithirayile Perunthachan
  • Janaseva Sisu Bhavan Snehaveedu
  • Honour to IV Sasi
  • Minnalai Television Award Night
  • Velicham Intensive Educational Development Project
  • Vishu Interview (Jaihind TV)
  • Run Kerala, Run
  • Golden Jubilee celebrations of the formation of the State
  • Krishna Jayanthi
  • Hiroshima Day Programme
  • Jubilee Fete of the Neeravil Prakash Kala Kendram
  • Bharathan’s 10th death anniversary

Drama

As drama actress
  • Mooladhanam
  • Puthiya Akasham Puthiya Bhoomi
  • Janani Janmbhoomi
  • Doctor

As a drama singer
  • "Vellilam Kaattilolichu Kalikkuvan"
  • "Pookkaara Pootharumo" (Doctor)
  • "Onappooviliyil" (Mooladhanam)
  • "Kaalchilambil" (Mooladhanam)
  • "Oru vazhithaarayil" (Althara)
  • "Pottichirichu"
  • "Mannil Piranna"(Althara)
  • "Mulchedikkaattil"(Althara)
  • "Vala Vala"(Althara)
  • (Yagashala)
  • (Maya)

Albums
  • Karyasiddhi Pooja
  • Ente Malayalam
  • Sreeramajapam
  • Makam - (Singer)
  • Ellam Ente Chottanikkara Amma - (Singer)
  • Krishna Krishna Hare Hare - (Singer)

Advertisements
  • Sreelakshmi Genaral & Pooja Store Payyoli
  • Manohar Jewellers
  • Kalabhacharthu
  • Santhimadam Villa

References
  1. "മലയാളിയുടെ പൊന്നമ്മ | Webdunia Malayalam". Malayalam.webdunia.com. 5 January 2008. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  2. "Mother of all actors". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 2008-12-03.
  3. "On Record with T.N Gopakumar: Kaviyoor Ponnamma". youtube.com. Archived from the original on 22 May 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
  4. "A Complete Online Malayalam Cinema News Portal". Cinidiary. Archived from the original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  5. https://web.archive.org/web/20130520235601/http://www.mathrubhumi.com/mb4eves/online/malayalam/kerala/women/articles/infocus_interview-article-362140
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