Kim Hyong-jik

Little is known about Kim. Born on 10 July 1894,[2] in the small village of Mangyongdae, situated atop a peak called Mungyungbong ("All-Seeing Peak") just 12 kilometers downstream on the Diadong River from Pyongyang, Kim was the son of Kim Bo-hyon (金輔鉉, 1871–1955).[3][4] Kim attended Sungshil School, which was run by American missionaries, and became a teacher and later an herbal pharmacist. He died as a result of numerous medical problems, including third-degree frostbite.

Kim and his wife attended Christian churches,[5] and Kim even served as a part-time Protestant missionary.[6] It was reported that his son, Kim Il-sung, attended church services during his teenage years before becoming an atheist later in life.[5]

Kim Il-sung often spoke of his father's idea of chiwŏn (righteous aspirations).

Kim Jong-il's official government biography states that his grandfather was "the leader of the anti-Japanese national liberation movement and was a pioneer in shifting the direction from the nationalist movement to the communist movement in Korea".[7] This is widely disputed among foreign academics and independent sources, who claim that Kim's opposition was little more than general grievances with life under Japanese occupation. Kim Il-sung claimed his ancestors, including his grandfather Kim Bo-hyon and great-grandfather Kim Ung-u (1848–1878), were involved in the General Sherman incident, but this is also disputed and believed to be a fabrication. ,

• Father: Kim Bo-hyon (김보현; 3 October 1871 – 2 September 1955)
  • Paternal grandfather: Kim Ung-u (김응우; 17 June 1848 – 4 October 1878)
  • Paternal grandmother: Lady Lee (이씨)
• Mother: Lee Bo-ik (이보익; 31 May 1876 – 18 October 1959)
• Two brothers
  • Kim Hyong-rok (김형록)
  • Kim Hyong-gwon (김형권; 4 November 1905 – 12 January 1936)
• Three sisters
  • Kim Gu-il (김구일녀)
  • Kim Hyong-sil (김형실)
  • Kim Hyong-bok (김형복)
• Wife: Kang Pan-sok
  • First son: Kim Il-sung (김일성; 15 April 1912 – 8 July 1994)
  • Second son: Kim Chol-ju (김철주; 12 June 1916 – 14 June 1935)
  • Third son: Kim Yong-ju (김영주; 21 September 1920 – )

• April 15th Writing Staff, Central Committee of Korean Writers' Union. Dawn of a New Age: A Novel. 1. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House. OCLC 154676863.
• The Party History Institute of the C. C. Of the Workers' Party of Korea (1973). Kim Hyong Jik: Indomitable Anti-Japanese Revolutionary Fighter. Pyongyang: Foreign Languages Publishing House. OCLC 252037406.
• Ponghwa Revolutionary Site. The Korean Preparatory Committee for the 13th WFTYS. 1988. KPEA 2JB070.