Krokodil

Krokodil (Russian: Крокодил, IPA: [krəkɐˈdʲil] (listen), lit. 'crocodile') was a satirical magazine published in the Soviet Union. It was founded in 1922,[1][2] at first as the satirical supplement to the Workers' Gazette (called simply «Приложения» [Supplement]); when it became a separate publication, the name 'Crocodile' was chosen at an editorial meeting from among a list of suggested animal names.[3] At that time, many satirical magazines existed, such as Zanoza and Prozhektor. Nearly all of them eventually disappeared.

This article is about the magazine. For the street drug, see Desomorphine. For other uses, see Krokodil (disambiguation).

Крокодил
The Unexpected Appendix. The cover of the first issue of Krokodil by Ivan Malyutin.
CategoriesSatire and humour
Frequency3 issues per month
PublisherRabochaya Gazeta, Pravda
Year founded1922
First issue27 August 1922
Final issue2008
CountrySoviet Union
Based inMoscow
LanguageRussian
The Editorial Staff of Krokodil Discussing a Theme. The friendly jest by Pyotr Belyanin. (1929)

History

Krokodil was founded in 1922, first as a supplement to Rabochaya Gazeta ('Workers' Newspaper'), and was published once a week. Although political satire was dangerous during much of the Soviet period, Krokodil was given considerable license to lampoon political figures and events. Typical and safe topics for lampooning in the Soviet era were the lack of initiative and imagination promoted by the style of an average Soviet middle-bureaucrat, and the problems produced by drinking on the job by Soviet workers. Krokodil also ridiculed capitalist countries and attacked various political, ethnic and religious groups that allegedly opposed the Soviet system.

Many notable persons contributed to the magazine, including Vladimir Mayakovsky, Mikhail Zoshchenko, Kukriniksy, and Yuliy Ganf.

Similar magazines existed in all the Union republics, and in several ASSRs and in other states of the Soviet bloc, e.g. Starshel ("Wasp") in Bulgaria, Eulenspiegel in East Germany, Urzică ("The Nettle") in Romania, Dikobraz ("Porcupine") in Czechoslovakia, and Szpilki (Pins) in Poland.

Among the vocal compositions of Dmitri Shostakovich, who is known for his satirical character, there are 5 Romances on texts from Krokodil Magazine (1965), taken from the section of the magazine where were published real-life nonsense texts.

Republic Title Translation
Ukrainian SSRПерецьPepper
Belarusian SSRВожыкHedgehog
Uzbek SSRМуштумFist
Kazakh SSRАраBumblebee
Georgian SSRნიანგიCrocodile
Azerbaijani SSRКирпиHedgehog
Lithuanian SSRŠluotaBroom
Moldavian SSRКипэрушPepper
Latvian SSRDadzisBur
Kyrgyz SSRЧалканNettle
Tajik SSRХорпуштакHedgehog
Armenian SSRՈզնիHedgehog
Turkmen SSRТокмакMallet
Estonian SSRPikkerPikker
Bashkir ASSRХэнэкPitchfork
Chuvash ASSRКапканTrap
Komi ASSRЧушканзіWasp
Mari ASSRПачемышWasp
Tatar ASSRЧаянScorpion
Udmurt ASSRШӧкычHornet

Reinstatement

After the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union the magazine was discontinued (2000). It was reinstated in 2005 in Russia, issued monthly, headquartered in Moscow, and with editor-in-chief Sergei Mostovshchikov. The reinstated version, deliberately printed on old Soviet-style paper, ceased publication in 2008.

Editors-in-chief
  • Konstantin Eremeev (1922–1923)
  • Nikolay Smirnov (1924–1927)
  • Konstantin Maltsev (1927–1928)
  • Felix Kohn (1928–1930)
  • Nikolay Ivanov-Gramen (1928–1930)
  • Mikhail Manuilsky (1930–1934)
  • Mikhail Koltsov (1934–1938)
  • Yakov Rovinsky (1938–1941)
  • Lazar Lagin (1938–1941)
  • Grigory Ryklin (1941–1948)
  • Dmitry Belyaev (1948–1953)
  • Sergei Shvetsov (1953–1958)
  • Manuil Semyonov (1958–1975)
  • Evgeny Dubrovin (1975–1985)
  • Alexey Pyanov (1986–2000)
  • Emil Bondarenko (since 2017)

See also

References
  1. Behind The Smile On Krokodil, JUNE 7, 1964 The New York Times
  2. James Adams. "15 Incredible Soviet Era Magazine Covers". Cartridge Save. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  3. Boris Efimov, Десять десятилетий, ch. 6: "Тогда пошли в ход всевозможные жалящие и кусающие представители животного мира: оса, еж, шмель, ерш, ястреб, волкодав, скорпион и даже… крокодил."
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