Krue Se Mosque

Krue Se Mosque (Malay: Masjid Kerisek; Thai: มัสยิดกรือเซะ; RTGS: matsayit krue-se) also called Gresik Mosque, Pitu Krue-ban Mosque (Thai: มัสยิดปิตูกรือบัน) or Sultan Muzaffar Shah Mosque, is a mosque in Pattani Province, Thailand. Its construction may have begun in the 16th century. The current structure features a mixture of Middle Eastern and European architectural styles.[1]

Krue Se Mosque
Religion
AffiliationIslam
Location
LocationPattani, Thailand
Architecture
TypeMosque

History

It is unclear when the mosque was first constructed, although a mosque may have been rebuilt several times at the same location. According to Hikayat Patani, a history of the Pattani Kingdom, two mosques were constructed during the reign of Sultan Muzaffar Shah (d. 1564). One of the mosques was built outside the main gate ("Pintu Gerbang") of the citadel beside the town square (padang), roughly the location of the present Krue Se Mosque.[2] It is also said that it was built around the time of the Ayutthaya king Naresuan the Great, but left incomplete due to a power struggle between the Sultan of Patani and his brother.[3][4] Some believe that the mosque was built by the Chinese pirate Lim Toh Khiam, who according to local lore married the daughter of the Sultan of Patani, claimed to be Raja Hijau, and converted to Islam.[5] Next to the mosque is a garden as well as the gravestone of Lim Ko Niao, said to be the sister of Lim Toh Khiam, who in this tale placed a curse so the dome of the mosque could not be completed.[6][7][8]

A mosque was known to be have been constructed by the early 17th century; Jacob van Neck wrote in a Dutch report in 1603 that the then principal mosque of Patani "was very neatly constructed by Chinese workers from red bricks".[5] A later 17th century account by Dutch traveler Johan Nieuhof says of the mosque in Patani:

The Mohametan church is a stately edifice of red brickwork, gilt very richly within, and adorned with pillars, curiously wrought with figures. In the midst close to the wall is the pulpit, carv'd and gilt all over, unto which the priests are only permitted to ascend by four large steps.[9]

The mosque may have been left in ruins after Pattani was captured and sacked by the Siamese in 1785, and the centre of Pattani was later relocated a few miles west to its present location. An attempt to repair or rebuild the mosque was undertaken in the 19th century by Tuan Sulong who governed Pattani from 1816 to 1832.[10] The mosque became known as Krue Se Mosque after the Ban Krue Se (Kampung Kerisik) area it is located, or Masjid Kerisik in Malay. The mosque was designated a historical site by the Department of Fine Arts of Thailand in 1935 and a minor renovation was undertaken two years later. Major restoration works on its structure were conducted in 1957 and 1982.[11][12] Further renovation was completed in 2005.[13]

Krue Se Mosque incident
Further information: South Thailand insurgency

On 28 April 2004, during Thaksin Shinawatra's premiership and in a period of insurgency by Islamic nationalists in the southernmost provinces, 32 gunmen took shelter in the mosque, after more than 100 militants carried out attacks on 10 police outposts across Pattani, Yala, and Songkhla Provinces.[14] After a seven-hour stand-off with Thai military personnel, soldiers attacked and killed all 32.[15] The attack contravened orders from the Minister of Defence to end the confrontation peacefully, and has been the subject of an international inquiry, which concluded the military used excessive force.

In 2013, a replica of Phaya Tani, a cannon taken to Bangkok after Pattani was captured by Siam in 1785, was created and placed in front of Krue Se Mosque. However, it was damaged due to bombing by separatists who saw it as 'faked' and wanted the return of the original cannon regarded as the symbol of Pattani.[16][17]

See also

References
  1. "มัสยิดกรือเซะ". Pattani Province. Archived from the original on 29 June 2006.
  2. Bougas, Wayne (1990). "Patani in the Beginning of the XVII Century". Archipel. 39: 113–138.
  3. Alan Teh Leam Seng (1 June 2019). "Mystery of the unfinished mosque". New Straits Times.
  4. "Krue Se Mosque". Tourism Authority of Thailand.
  5. Reid, Anthony (30 August 2013). Patrick Jory (ed.). Ghosts of the Past in Southern Thailand: Essays on the History and Historiography of Patani. NUS Press. pp. 12–13, 22–23. ISBN 9789971696351.
  6. Francis R. Bradley (2008). "Piracy, Smuggling, and Trade in the Rise of Patani, 1490–1600" (PDF). Journal of the Siam Society. 96: 27–50.
  7. "แหล่งโบราณคดีภาคใต้ - มัสยิดกรือเซะ". คลังเอกสารสาธารณะ. 19 May 2009.
  8. "Mystical ties". Bangkok Post. 28 February 2019.
  9. Sheehan, J. J. "Seventeenth Century Visitors to the Malay Peninsula". JMBRAS. 12 (2): 94–107. JSTOR 41559513.
  10. Ibrahim Syukri. "Chapter 3: The Government of Patani in the Period of Decline". History of Patani. from History of the Malay Kingdom of Patani ISBN 0-89680-123-3.
  11. "All points lead to Pattani". The Nation Thailand. 5 July 2019.
  12. Apinya Baggelaar Arrunnapaporn (2008). "Heritage Interpretation and Spirit of Place: Conflicts at Krue Se Mosque and Thailand Southern Unrest" (PDF). ICOMOS.
  13. "บูรณะ" มัสยิดกรือเซะ" เสร็จเรียบร้อย". ประชาไท. 4 February 2005.
  14. "Shattered by horrific events". The Nation. 29 April 2006. Archived from the original on 19 January 2012. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  15. "Thai mosque killings criticised". BBC News. 28 July 2004.
  16. Veera Prateepchaikul (14 June 2013). "Time to return the Phaya Tani cannon". Bangkok Post.
  17. "Phaya Tani replica cannon bombed". Bangkok Post. 11 June 2013.

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