Kurt Hohenemser

Kurt Heinrich Hohenemser (January 3, 1906 – April 7, 2001) was a German-born American aerospace engineer and pioneer in the field of helicopter design.[1]

Kurt Hohenemser
BornJanuary 3, 1906
Berlin, Germany
DiedApril 7, 2001 (2001-04-08) (aged 95)
St. Louis, Missouri, United States
NationalityUnited States
EducationTechnische Hochschule Darmstadt
OccupationEngineer
Engineering career
DisciplineAerospace Engineer, Professor
ProjectsHelicopters, Wind Turbines

Life in Germany

Kurt Hohenemser was born on January 3, 1906, in Berlin, Germany, to the German Jewish musicologist Richard Hohenemser and his English wife Alice Salt.[2][3] He received his secondary education from the Goethe-Schule in Berlin-Wilmersdorf, Hermann-Lietz-Schule in Haubinda, and Ziehenschule in Eschersheim.[1] In 1924, Hohenemser received his Abitur.[3] Hohenemser attended university at the Technische Hochschule Darmstadt from 1924 to 1929, receiving his Diplom-Ingenieur in 1927 and his Doktoringenieur in 1929.[3][4] From 1930 until 1933, Hohenemser taught and conducted research at the University of Göttingen under Ludwig Prandtl, one of the most famous aerodynamics physicists during the 20th century.[4][5] While at Göttingen, Hohenemser and his colleague William Prager organized a political discussion group, to which they invited another colleague who supported the ideologies of the Nazi Party.[1] During these discussions, Hohenemser made comments critical of Nazi ideology.[1] After the Nazis came to power in 1933, the colleague reported these statements, and Hohenemser was dismissed from his position at the university.[3][6]

After his dismissal, Hohenemser worked briefly for aircraft manufacturer Gerhard Fieseler before going to work as a consultant for Anton Flettner's Flettner Flugzeubau GmbH, whose company specialized in the development and manufacture of helicopters.[1][7] Kurt Hohenemser was an extraordinary engineer who developed the detailed designs required for the success of Flettner's helicopters.[8] Hohenemser stayed with Flettner's company through the end of World War II.[4]Though considered Jewish by the Nazis because of his Jewish father, Hohenemser's role in Flettner's company provided protection for him and his family during the war.[6]

While at Flettner Flugzeubau GmbH, Hohenemser was instrumental in the development of the Fl 282 Kolibri.[2] There were plans for BMW to mass-produce 1,000 Flettner Fl 282 helicopters but they were disrupted when allied forces bombed the designated factory.[9]

Flettner Fl 282 "Kolibri" was an early ancestor of helicopters with intermeshing rotors

Life in the United States

Kurt Hohenemser emigrated from Germany to the United States with his family in 1947.[1] Hohenemser and Anton Flettner were among the first German emigrants into the United States after World War II.[2]

Hohenemser and Anton Flettner, who together developed numerous patents in Germany, maintained close contact after both men emigrated to the United States.[1] During 1949, Anton Flettner employed Hohenemser as a consultant to the Flettner Aircraft Corporation.[1]

Hohenemser later accepted a position as chief aerodynamics engineer of the helicopter division of McDonnell Aircraft in St. Louis, Missouri.[2][5] In this role, Hohenemser oversaw work on such designs as the Little Henry, Big Henry, and the XV-1, a precursor of the V-22 Osprey.[2] After working for McDonnell for 18 years, he took a position as professor of aerospace engineering at Washington University in St. Louis in 1966.[5] He retired in 1975 but remained as emeritus professor for two more decades.[5] From 1966 and beyond, Hohenemser shifted his focus from helicopters to wind turbines.[1]

Kurt Hohenemser, a longtime colleague and confidant of Anton Flettner, worked his remaining years in the United States to prove Flettner's idea that properly designed flexible helicopter-type rotors are more suitable for producing electricity from the wind than rigid airplane-type rotors.[2][5] An offshore wind energy project announced in February 2017, involving Seawind Ocean Technology B.V., aims to demonstrate the wind energy applications put forth by Anton Flettner, Kurt Hohenemser, and Glidden Doman (American aeronautical engineer) in harsh wind and sea conditions.[2][10][11][12]

Kurt Heinrich Hohenemser died on April 7, 2001, in St. Louis, Missouri.[2][5] Up until the age of 91, Hohenemser cross-country skied every winter and he rode a bicycle everywhere into his 80s out of concern for the pollution produced by automobiles.[5] Hohenemser received many accolades during his career, among them the Grover E. Bell Award (1957) and the Alexander Klemin Award (1964) from the American Helicopter Society.[1]

  • Flettner Fl 282 Kolibri helicopter
  • Letter from Dr. Hohenemser regarding his association with Anton Flettner (page 1 of 2)
  • Letter from Dr. Hohenemser regarding his association with Anton Flettner (page 2 of 2)
  • Flettner Fl 282 during flight trials after World War II, with US markings

Publications

References
  1. Glover, Sarah; Rieg-Baumhauer, Felix. "Guide to the Kurt Hohenemser Collection undated, 1885-2007 (bulk 1931-2001)". Leo Back Institute Center for Jewish History. Leo Baeck Institute.
  2. Martin, Douglas (2001-04-21). "Kurt Hohenemser, Early Helicopter Designer, Dies at 95". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  3. Szabó, Anikó. Vertreibung, Rückkehr, Wiedergutmachung: Göttinger Hochschullehrer im Schatten des Nationalsozialismus. Göttingen, Germany: Wallstein, 2000.
  4. Rammer, Klaus (2001). "Physicists at the University of Göttingen, 1945–1955" (PDF). Physics in Perspective. 3 (2): 189–209. doi:10.1007/pl00000529. S2CID 121603401. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  5. Fitzpatrick, Tony (2001-04-20). "Kurt H. Hohenemser, Aviation pioneer dies at 95". The Record Washington University in Saint Louis. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  6. Schwarz, Egon. "Kurt Hohenemser: Erinnerung an einen Babysitter, Hubschrauberkonstrukteur, "armchair radical"" (PDF). Retrieved 24 November 2015.
  7. "Flettner Flugzeugbau GmbH". Wehrmacht History.
  8. Hirschel, Ernst Heinrich; Prem, Horst; Madelung, Gero (2012-12-06). Aeronautical Research in Germany: From Lilienthal until Today. Springer. ISBN 9783642184840.
  9. "Flettner Fl 282 "Kolibri" 1940". aviastar.org. Aviastar.
  10. "Seawind, Olav Olsen to Jointly Bring Forward 6.2 MW Demo Project". offshoreWIND.biz. 2017-02-21.
  11. Jakubowski, Martin. "Seawind History". Seawind Technology. Seawind. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
  12. de Vries, Eize (April 1, 2020). "Seawind steps up development of radical two-blade offshore turbine". Windtech International. Windtech Offshore. Archived from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
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