Lake Nabugabo

Lake Nabugabo is a small freshwater lake in Uganda.

Lake Nabugabo
Lake Nabugabo
LocationMasaka District
Coordinates00°22′12″S 31°54′00″E
Basin countriesUganda
Max. length8.2 km (5.1 mi)
Max. width5 km (3.1 mi)
Surface area22,000 ha (54,000 acres)
Surface elevation1,180 m (3,870 ft)
SettlementsMasaka, Uganda
Official nameLake Nabugabo wetland system
Designated11 February 2004
Reference no.1373[1]

Location

The lake is in Masaka District, Central Region of Uganda, approximately 23 kilometres (14 mi), by road, east of the town of Masaka.[2]

Overview
Lake Nabugabo

Lake Nabugabo is a satellite lake of Lake Victoria, being only 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) away from its shores.

The area was chosen as a Ramsar Site (protected area) for its importance for the people and animals.[3]

High human population densities and a reliance on subsistence agriculture are reflected in the heavy dependency of the neighboring community on the lake ecosystem. The poor agricultural practices have impacts on the water quality and food production. [4]

History

Lake Nabugabo was formed as a result of sand dunes resulting from strong winds. This lake is separated from Lake Victoria by a sand bar. An analysis of a 2.7 metres (8.9 ft) long sediment core collected near the center of the lake showed that Lake Nabugabo was isolated from Lake Victoria about 5,000 years ago.[5]

Flora and fauna

Almost 300 plant species have been recorded. The catchment area is home to two endemic flowering plants not found elsewhere, and fourteen species in Uganda are known only in this area. The most striking character of the rare Nabugabo plants is the relative dominance of carnivorous plants.

The fauna ecosystem consists of a wide variety of key animal communities. Hippopotamus and sitatunga are found. Among the birds, kingfishers and grey crowned crane are also found.[6] Lake Nabugabo is an important stop-over point for a number of species of migratory birds.

Fish

The Nabugabo lake system, which includes the main lake itself and the associated lakes Kayanja, Kayugi and Manywa (all separated from Lake Nabugabo by swamps), is rich in native fish, notably eight species of haplochromine cichlids: the endemic Haplochromis annectidens, H. beadlei, H. simpsoni, H. velifer and H. venator, while H. nubilus, Astatoreochromis alluaudi and Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor also are found in other lakes of the Great Lakes region.[7][8][9] As in Lake Victoria, the highly predatory Nile perch has been introduced to Nabugabo. However, while many of Lake Victoria's endemic haplochromines have become extinct, the endemic haplochromines of the Nabugabo lake system all survive, but they are considered threatened.[7][8] Especially H. annectidens and H. venator have become rare, with the latter appearing to have disappeared from Lake Nabugabo itself, although it does survive in at least lakes Kayanja and Kayugi.[8] Nile perch has not been introduced to lakes Kayanja, Kayugi and Manywa, and they are important for the survival of the rare haplochromines.[7][8] They also support populations of the threatened Singida tilapia, which has disappeared from Nabugabo and several other lakes in the Great Lakes region.[8] Two other species of the Great Lakes region, the widespread Bagrus docmak and the threatened Victoria tilapia, were formerly present in Lake Nabugabo and historically supported important fisheries. They appear to have disappeared from Lake Nabugabo and are not known to be present elsewhere in the Nabugabo lake system.[8] A handful of other fish are native to Lake Nabugabo and stll live there, including marbled lungfish, Mastacembelus frenatus, Enteromius barbs, Sadler's robber tetra, silver butter catfish, Fischer's Victoria squeaker, longnose stonebasher, Victoria stonebasher and Petrocephalus catostoma.[8] In addition to the Nile perch, the blue-spotted tilapia, Nile tilapia, redbreast tilapia and redbelly tilapia have been introduced.[7][8]

References
  1. "Lake Nabugabo wetland system". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
  2. Road distance between Masaka and Lake Nabugabo with Map
  3. Sayer, Catherine A.; Máiz-Tomé, Laura; Darwall, William R.T. (2018-04-30). Freshwater biodiversity in the Lake Victoria Basin: Guidance for species conservation, site protection, climate resilience and sustainable livelihoods. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature. doi:10.2305/iucn.ch.2018.ra.2.en. ISBN 978-2-8317-1896-5.
  4. About Lake Nabugabo
  5. History of Lake Nabugabo
  6. The Flora and Fauna of Lake Nabugabo
  7. Mwanja, W.W.; A.S. Armoudlian; S.B. Wandera; L. Kaufman; L. Wu; G.C. Booton; P.A. Fuerst (2001). "The bounty of minor lakes: the role of small satellite water bodies in evolution and conservation of fishes in the Lake Victoria Region, East Africa". Hydrobiologia. 458 (1): 55–62. doi:10.1023/A:1013167725047. S2CID 6439470.
  8. Namulemo, G.; D. Mbabazi (2005). "Nabugabo lakes and their current conservation status". In H. Busulwa; P.G. Mafabi; L.M. Ndawula (eds.). A compilation of scientific information on Nabugabo Ramsar Site, Uganda. Kampala, Uganda, Wetlands Inspection Division. pp. 76–84.
  9. Genner, M.J.; P. Nichols; G.R. Carvalho; R.L. Robinson; P.W. Shaw; A. Smith; G.F. Turner (2007). "Evolution of a cichlid fish in a Lake Malawi satellite lake". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 274 (1623): 2249–2257. doi:10.1098/rspb.2007.0619. PMC 2287380. PMID 17623644.
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