Lamium galeobdolon

Lamium galeobdolon, commonly known as yellow archangel, artillery plant, aluminium plant, or yellow weasel-snout[2] is a widespread wildflower in Europe, and has been introduced elsewhere as a garden plant. It displays the zygomorphic flower morphology, opposite leaves, and square stems typical of the mint family, Lamiaceae. The flowers are soft yellow and borne in axial clusters, with a prominent 'hood' (the dorsal lobe of the corolla). It spreads easily and so has been commonly used as an ornamental ground cover. It can be invasive in places where it is not native and caution must be taken when planting in these areas.[3]

Yellow archangel
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Genus: Lamium
Species:
L. galeobdolon
Binomial name
Lamium galeobdolon
Synonyms [1]
  • Galeopsis galeobdolon L.
  • Lamiastrum galeobdolon (L.) Ehrend. & Polatschek
  • Galeobdolon luteum Huds.

Description

Yellow archangel is a large-leaved perennial plant with underground runners growing to a height of about 40 to 80 cm (16 to 31 in). The paired opposite leaves are stalked, broadly ovate with a cordate base and toothed margin. The underside of the leaves is often purplish. The flowers grow in whorls in a terminal spike. The calyx is five-lobed. The corolla is yellow, 15 to 25 mm (0.6 to 1.0 in) long, the petals fused with a long tube and two lips. The upper lip is hooded and the lower lip has three similar-sized lobes with the central one being triangular and often streaked with orange. There are two short stamens and two long ones. The carpels are fused and the fruit is a four-chambered schizocarp.[4]

Taxonomy

There are a number of closely related taxa which hybridize with L. galeobdolon and in some cases are not unequivocally accepted as distinct species but considered subspecies or varieties by many authors. Most well known among these is variegated yellow archangel (subsp. argentatum), whose leaves often have variegation, showing as silver patches arranged as a wide semicircle. This, and in particular its large-flowered and even stronger-marked cultivar 'Variegatum', is the taxon most often met with as a garden escapee.

Distribution

It is native to Europe, and found through Europe and Western Asia.[5]

An introduced species in the United States, Washington state has declared it a "noxious weed" and banned its sale.[6]

Subspecies
  • Lamium galeobdolon subsp. argentatum
  • Lamium galeobdolon subsp. endtmanii
  • Lamium galeobdolon subsp. flavidum
  • Lamium galeobdolon subsp. galeobdolon
  • Lamium galeobdolon subsp. montanum
  • Botanical description by Johann Georg Sturm 1796
  • Flower
  • Leaf variegation
  • Small cluster
  • In forest

References
  1. "Lamium galeobdolon". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 17 December 2017.
  2. Lees, Edwin (1852). The Botany of Malvern Hills, in the counties of Worcester, Hereford, and Gloucester. London: David Bogue. p. 61.
  3. "Aluminium Plant". Biosecurity New Zealand. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
  4. "Yellow archangel: Lamium galeobdolon". NatureGate. Retrieved 2013-12-14.
  5. "Lamium galeobdolon - yellow archangel". Royal Horticultural Society.
  6. "Yellow archangel". www.kingcounty.gov. King County, Washington local administration.
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