Land O'Lakes

Land O'Lakes, Inc. is an American member-owned agricultural cooperative based in the Minneapolis-St. Paul suburb of Arden Hills, Minnesota, United States,[2] focusing on the dairy industry. The cooperative has 1,959 direct producer-members, 751 member-cooperatives, and about 10,000 employees who process and distribute products for about 300,000 agricultural producers;[3] handling 12 billion pounds of milk annually.[4] It is ranked third on the National Cooperative Bank Co-op 100 list of mutuals and cooperatives.[5] The co-op is one of the largest producers of butter and cheese in the United States through its dairy foods business; serves producers, animal owners and their families through more than 4,700 local cooperatives, independent dealers and other large retailers through its Purina Animal Nutrition (Purina Mills) business; and delivers seed, crop protection products, agricultural services and agronomic insights to 1,300 locally owned and operated cooperative and independent agricultural retailers and their grower customers through its WinField United business.

This article is about the American agricultural cooperative. For other uses, see Land o' Lakes (disambiguation).
Land O'Lakes, Inc.
TypeAgricultural cooperative
IndustryFood and agriculture
FoundedJuly 8, 1921 (1921-07-08)
Headquarters
Arden Hills, Minnesota
,
U.S.
Key people
ProductsDairy foods, animal nutrition, seed and crop protection
Revenue$14.9 billion (2018)[1]
Members3,963 farmer-owners (2017)
Number of employees
10,000[2]
Websitewww.landolakesinc.com

History
Processing plant in Kiel, Wisconsin

Land O'Lakes was founded on July 8, 1921, in Saint Paul, Minnesota, by representatives from 320 cooperative creameries as the Minnesota Cooperative Creameries Association. This organization aimed to improve marketing and quality of butter, and thus increase the profitability of dairying.

The Association developed and implemented the systematic inspection, grading and certification of butter from member creameries, resulting in greater uniformity of product. The improved quality and uniformity, and the reliability of its grading system, were touted in advertising materials. In 1924, the uniformly graded sweet cream butter was given the name "Land O'Lakes" after a contest, and the certificate forms used by the Association included the "Land O Lakes" marketing name (Minnesota's state nickname is "Land of 10,000 Lakes").

The name became so popular that the organization's public identity was often confused with its product name; thus, in 1926, the organization itself adopted the name "Land O'Lakes Creameries, Inc." and became eponymous with its product.

The co-op was often accused of unfair competition and false advertising in its early years, and compelled to defend its inspection and certification processes. Eventually, however, the sweet butter marketing strategy drove competitors either to match the quality of butter produced under the Land O'Lakes name or see their sales decline. Many competitors in the dairy products business copied the Land O'Lakes approach, and the certification of quality became a proven marketing technique in other product lines as well. In the 1960s and 1970s, Land O'Lakes and Lake to Lake (which later merged into Land O'Lakes) had a rivalry with the National Farmers Organization over the practice of withholding milk from market. One member was expelled from Lake to Lake for recruiting other farmers into NFO.

Recent history

The Land O'Lakes co-op has grown through numerous acquisitions, and now has a large business in farm supply in addition to dairy. In 2001, it paid $360 million - and assumed $130 million in debt - to take over animal feed producer Purina Mills, once part of Ralston Purina.[6] Purina Mills' new owner planned to merge the company with its Land O'Lakes Farmland Feed division but would keep the Purina name and logo.[7]

In 1978, Land O'Lakes got into the meatpacking business with the purchase of Spencer Beef.[8] It sold Spencer Beef in 1983 to Excel, now Cargill Meat Solutions.[9]

A federal court in 2002 ordered Land O'Lakes to pay $3 million for patent infringement to Dr William Pordy, the inventor of a type of dairy creamer.[10] An appeal court later overturned that ruling.[11]

Land O'Lakes took an ownership stake in egg producer MoArk in 1999; it took full ownership of the company in 2006.[12][13]

In August 2012, Land O'Lakes purchased refrigerated desserts manufacturer Kozy Shack Enterprises for an undisclosed sum.[14][15]

In December, 2013 Land O'Lakes acquired Geosys, an international satellite imagery and remote sensing service provider headquartered in Toulouse, France. Geosys continues to work with WinField to develop a web-based decision making tool enabling its members to view remote sensing maps based on Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI), a measure of green biomass.[16] In 2018, Land O'Lakes sold Geosys to UrtheCast Corporation.[17]

In June 2016, Land O'Lakes acquired the Thousand Oaks, California-based biofuels firm Ceres, Inc.[18]

In July 2018, Land O'Lakes named Beth Ford as its first female CEO. Ford's role became effective August 1. At the time, she was the third openly gay woman CEO to run a Fortune 500 company.[19][20]

In December 2019, Land O'Lakes used autonomous truck technology developed by Plus.ai to successfully complete the first cross-country, commercial freight run by a self-driving truck.[21]

Corporate affairs

The company's headquarters is in Arden Hills, Minnesota, in suburban Minneapolis-St. Paul.[22]

Dairy foods
  • Land O Lakes (the apostrophe is sometimes removed in product branding) licensed to Dean Foods
  • Alpine Lace
  • Land O'Lakes Food Service
  • Kozy Shack
  • Vermont Creamery

Animal feed
  • Purina Animal Nutrition
  • Mazuri
  • Land O'Lakes Feed

Seed/crop protection
  • WinField United (merged with United Suppliers in Spring 2016)

Butter packaging
The recursive image long shown on the Land O'Lakes butter packaging is an example of the Droste effect.

The Land O'Lakes indigenous woman, named Mia, holding the butter box was painted in 1928 by Brown & Bigelow illustrator Arthur C. Hanson.[23] According to Land O'Lakes, the original image of Mia was "simplified and modernized" in 1939 by Jess Betlach and has undergone many minor modifications since as the enduring logo of the co-op. Red Lake Ojibwe artist Patrick DesJarlait updated Mia's image in the 1950s.[23][24] Her clothes were changed to match specific Ojibwe styles, and the background became a specific location in the Ojibwe territory, the Red Lake in Minnesota.[25] The original image is an example of the infinite-loop motif or Droste effect, in which the image is repeated, in theory infinitely, within itself.

In 2018, the image was changed to depict only the head of the Indian woman (doing away with the Droste effect).[26] In April 2020, the company announced it was removing the image of the Indian woman altogether.[27] The use of an indigenous woman as a mascot had been criticized as a racist stereotype,[28] and the decision to change the label was praised by some Native advocates such as Peggy Flanagan, Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota and a member of the White Earth Band of Ojibwe.[29] However, the move was not without controversy within the Native community.

DesJarlait's son, Robert DesJarlait, disagreed with claims that the logo was offensive or a stereotype.[25] "Basically, it was giving the previous generation a sense of almost empowerment to see a Native woman on a box of butter. It gave them a sense of cultural pride," he said. "After seeing those posts, I said, 'that's right, that's why my dad created this image to begin with.'"[30]

Allegations of animal mistreatment by supplier

In September 2009, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) released an undercover video allegedly depicting animal abuse of dairy cows at a Pennsylvania supplier for Land O’Lakes, Inc. The video showed unclean conditions in the barn and milking parlor and cows with infections and illness.[31] The supplier's employee was found not guilty of animal cruelty charges resulting from this incident[32] and an investigation by veterinarians hired by Land O’Lakes revealed no mistreatment of animals, but the veterinarians suggested that bedding, hygiene, ventilation and animal disposal practices be improved.[33] Land O'Lakes states that it is supportive of the dairy industry's National Dairy F.A.R.M.: Farmers Assuring Responsible Management (FARM) animal care standards.[34]

In May 2017, the animal rights organization Animal Outlook (formerly Compassion Over Killing) released undercover footage of cruelty to animals at DFA supplier Mason Dixon Farms, which documented "cows being kicked in the face, punched in their sensitive udders, excessively shocked with an electric prod, jabbed with a pens or elbows, and having their tails twisted or bent by workers."[35] The footage resulted in the firing of one employee.[36]

Licensing

Since August 2012, WhiteWave Foods has licensed the Land O'Lakes name and sold coffee creamers and fluid dairy products under the brand.[37]

Land O'Lakes brand milk is licensed to Dean Foods in Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota, Iowa and Wisconsin.[38]

  • In Gary Shteyngart's 2010 satirical novel Super Sad True Love Story, Land O'Lakes has merged with two major auto companies to become a major consolidated corporation, Land O'Lakes GMFord.[39]
  • In December 2019, an autonomous truck drove itself from Tulare, California to Quakertown, Pennsylvania in a period of three days carrying a load of 40,000 pounds of Land O’Lakes butter.[40]

See also

Citations
  1. "2018 Earnings Release". Land O' Lakes Inc.
  2. "Fortune 500: Land O' Lakes". Fortune.
  3. Land O' Lakes Annual report
  4. "Welcome to Land O'Lakes, Inc". Retrieved 10 July 2010.
  5. "2010 NCB Co-op 100". National Cooperative Bank. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2005-02-17. Retrieved 2018-12-25.
  6. "COMPANY NEWS; LAND O'LAKES TO BUY A LEADING LIVESTOCK FEED COMPANY". The New York Times. 19 June 2001.
  7. Purina Mills Inc. acquired by Land O'Lakes of Arden Hills, Minn., Linda Tucci, St. Louis Business Journal, St Louis, MO, 23 December 2001. Retrieved: 25 February 2012
  8. "Land O'Lakes, Inc. History". Funding Universe. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  9. Lucht, Gene (June 20, 1983). "What's next? Spencer Beef sale will bring changes, but not right away". Spencer Daily Reporter. Retrieved June 24, 2016.
  10. "Land O' Lakes Ordered to Pay Inventor". The New York Times. 3 January 2002.
  11. "Appeal" (PDF). Retrieved 21 November 2013.
  12. Markels, Alex (1 September 2002). "A Marketing Cry: Don't Fence Them In". The New York Times. Denver. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
  13. Winn, Mari (31 January 2006). "Land 'O Lakes now owns 100% of MoArk". Joplin Independent. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
  14. "Land O'Lakes Closes Kozy Shack Acquisition" (Press release). Land O'Lakes. 1 August 2012. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
  15. Stych, Ed (18 July 2012). "Land O'Lakes buys dessert maker Kozy Shack". BizJournals.com. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
  16. "Land O’Lakes, Inc., Acquires Geosys" December 4, 2013. Retrieved 2015-05-14.
  17. "Land O'Lakes to Sell Geosys for $20 Million". Successful Farming. 2018-08-23. Retrieved 2019-04-08.
  18. "Land O'Lakes Acquires Ag Biotech Developer Ceres Inc". Hay & Forage Grower. June 21, 2016. Retrieved November 17, 2016.
  19. Carpenter, Julia. "A new first for LGBTQ business leaders". Money.cnn.com. Retrieved 2018-07-28.
  20. "The Latest Female CEO in the Fortune 500 Breaks a New Barrier". Fortune. Retrieved 2018-08-17.
  21. "A self-driving truck delivered butter from California to Pennsylvania in three days". Mercury News. 2019-12-10. Retrieved 2019-12-11.
  22. "Contact Archived 2014-03-31 at the Wayback Machine". Land O'Lakes. Retrieved on March 20, 2014. "Land O'Lakes, Inc. 4001 Lexington Ave. N Arden Hills, MN 55126-2998" - Directions (Archive)
  23. Houze, Rebecca (2016). New Mythologies in Design and Culture: Reading Signs and Symbols in the Visual Landscape. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 9780857855213. p. 93.
  24. Anthes, Bill (2006). Native Moderns: American Indian Painting, 1940–1960. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 9780822338666. p 99.
  25. DesJarlait, Robert (29 April 2020). "My Native American father drew the Land O'Lakes maiden. She was never a stereotype". Washington Post. Retrieved 2020-04-30.
  26. Heimerman, Emily (22 November 2018). "Where Did The Land O'Lakes Logo Come From?". Historically Speaking. Villanova University. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  27. "Farmer-owned cooperative Land O'Lakes, Inc. unveils new packaging celebrating farmers ahead of 100th anniversary". Land O'Lakes. Land O'Lakes, Inc. Retrieved 16 April 2020.
  28. Stone, Madeline. "Land O'Lakes changed its packaging and removed drawing of Native American woman long criticized as a racist stereotype". Business Insider. Retrieved 17 April 2020.
  29. "Lt. Governor Peggy Flanagan". Twitter.
  30. Walker, Dalton (22 April 2020). "There's another story behind that Land O'Lakes butter box". Indian Country Today. Retrieved 27 April 2020.
  31. "PETA: Cow Abuse at Land O' Lake Supplier". September 29, 2009. Archived from the original on July 28, 2011. Retrieved 2009-10-14.
  32. "Pennsylvania Magistrate Judge ruling". March 18, 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
  33. "Land O'Lakes Investigation of Dairy Farm Concluded". October 12, 2009. Archived from the original on October 13, 2009. Retrieved 2009-10-14.
  34. "Land O'Lakes Member Cleared of Animal Cruelty Claims". March 19, 2010. Archived from the original on March 25, 2010. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
  35. "New COK Video Pours out Painful Truth about Dairy". Compassion Over Killing. Retrieved May 13, 2017.
  36. Michael Tanenbaum (May 10, 2017). "Undercover video at Pennsylvania dairy farm leads to employee's firing". Philly Voice. Retrieved May 16, 2017.
  37. Dean Foods, Land O'Lakes expand strategic alliance. Eurofood. 15 Aug. 2002.
  38. Dean Foods, maker of Land O'Lakes milk, files for bankruptcy, seeks sale November 12, 2019.
  39. Hingston, Michael (15 November 2010). "Gary Shteyngart's satirical Super Sad True Love Story offers a clairvoyant look at society". straight.com. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  40. Lin, Summer (2019-12-10). "No driver needed: 20 tons of butter takes road trip from California to Pennsylvania". The Sacramento Bee. Retrieved 2019-12-12.

General bibliography
  • Land O'Lakes Corporate Website
  • Kenneth D. Ruble. Men to Remember: How 100,000 Neighbors Made History. (Lakeside Press, 1947), a company-sponsored history of the early years of Land O' Lakes (1921–1945). See especially pp. 163–167 and 181–184, concerning the evolution of the name of the product into the company name.
  • Truman Torgerson. Building markets and people cooperatively: the Lake to Lake story. published by Land O'Lakes, Inc., Lake to Lake Division - Technology & Engineering - 352 pages, 1990. See especially page 151 to 160, which details conflict with the National Farmers Organization.
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