Laser broom

A laser broom is a proposed ground-based laser beam-powered propulsion system whose purpose is to sweep space debris out of the path of other artificial satellites such as the International Space Station. It would heat one side of an object enough to change its orbit and make it hit the atmosphere sooner. Space researchers have proposed that a laser broom may help mitigate Kessler syndrome, a theoretical runaway cascade of collision events between orbiting objects.[1]

Artistic representation

Technical description

Lasers are designed to target debris between one and ten centimeters in diameter. Collisions with such debris are commonly of such high velocity that considerable damage and numerous secondary fragments are the result. The laser broom is intended to be used at high enough power to penetrate through the atmosphere with enough remaining power to ablate material from the target.[2] The ablating material imparts a small thrust that lowers its orbital perigee into the upper atmosphere, thereby increasing drag so that its remaining orbital life is short.[3] The laser would operate in pulsed mode to avoid self-shielding of the target by the ablated plasma. The power levels of lasers in this concept are well below the power levels in concepts for more rapidly effective anti-satellite weapons.

Research into this area demonstrates the precise physics involved, which shows that space debris is re-entered regardless of the direction of laser illumination. Using a laser guide star and adaptive optics, a sufficiently large ground based laser (1 megajoule pulsed HF laser) can deorbit dozens of objects per day at reasonable cost.[1] This work was summarized in an article in Wired magazine.[4]

Applications and proposed project

The Space Shuttle routinely showed evidence of "tiny" impacts upon post-flight inspection.[5]

Project Orion was a proposed laser broom project estimated to cost $500 million in the 1990s.[6][7]

References
  1. Dr Claude Phipps (2011). "Removing Orbital Debris with Lasers". Advances in Space Research. 49: 1283–1300. arXiv:1110.3835. Bibcode:2012AdSpR..49.1283P. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2012.02.003.
  2. Campbell, Jonathan (December 2008). "Using Lasers in Space: Laser Orbital Debris Removal and Asteroid Deflection" (PDF). Occasional Paper of the Center for Strategy and Technology, Air War College, Air University, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama. 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 June 2019.
  3. Ivan Bekey, "Project Orion: Orbital Debris Removal Using Ground-Based Sensors and Lasers Archived 2021-02-01 at the Wayback Machine.", Second European Conference on Space Debris, 1997, ESA-SP 393, p. 699.
  4. Adam Mann (2011). "Space Junk Crisis: Time to Bring in the Lasers". Space Junk Crisis: Time to Bring in the Lasers. Wired. Archived from the original on 2016-06-21. Retrieved 2016-06-22.
  5. Weinstock, Maia (5 September 2000). "Orbiting Junk Continues to Threaten International Space Station". Space.com. Archived from the original on 2000-11-21. Retrieved 2008-02-03.
  6. Ivan Bekey (May 1997). "Orion's Laser: Hunting Space Debris". Aerospace America. AIAA. Archived from the original on 2011-07-21. Retrieved 2011-05-08.
  7. "Satellite Smashers". Air & Space Magazine. March 1, 2008. Archived from the original on July 29, 2012. Retrieved August 18, 2011.

Further reading
  • 2000 Earth Orbital Debris - NASA Research on Satellite and Spacecraft Effects by World Spaceflight News, CD-ROM: 862 pages ISBN 1-893472-28-0
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