Lionel Greenstreet

After the Endurance was abandoned, Greenstreet's duties again changed. He was given brief command of a team of sled dogs,[7] and helped to hunt for fresh meat to supplement the castaways' inadequate supply of food. Shackleton later recalled with gratitude how Greenstreet and his hunting partner, Alexander Macklin, had killed and brought in a Weddell seal weighing 800 pounds.[8]

At a slightly later stage of their self-rescue, after the icy campsite of the men of the Endurance had drifted northward into warmer water, the change in water temperature caused their refuge to melt and on 9 April 1916 they were forced to climb aboard the open boats that they had salvaged from their former vessel.[9] Shackleton and his men had salvaged three lifeboats, and Greenstreet was the fourth-ranking member of the expedition. He accompanied his captain, Frank Worsley, in the Dudley Docker during the eight-day ordeal that marked the progress of the open-boat flotilla to a new and more secure campsite on Elephant Island in the archipelago of the South Shetlands.[10]

Greenstreet, although characterised by Worsley as "a fine seaman",[11] was not chosen to accompany the six-man party that set out from Elephant Island to South Georgia Island. Instead the former first officer was detailed to a two-man party, working with William Bakewell, to alter bits and scraps of salvaged ship's canvas into a jury-rigged canvas deck to enable the sole remaining sail-worthy lifeboat of the ship's company, the James Caird, to navigate in the open sea. Worsley, whose life would depend upon the success of this work,[12] describes it as follows:

Frozen like a board and caked with ice, the canvas was sewn, in painful circumstances, by two cheery optimists – Greenstreet, Chief Officer of the Endurance, and Bakewell, a Canadian [sic] AB. The only way they could do it was by holding the frozen canvas in the blubber fire till it thawed, often burning their fingers, while the oily smoke got in their eyes and noses, half-blinding and choking them. Then they sewed, often getting frostbitten and having to use great care that the difficult sewing with cold, brittle sail needles did not break all of our now scanty supply. All the time, while repeating the unpleasant task of thawing a length, and sewing it, 'Horace' [Greenstreet] was irrepressibly cracking his sailor jokes and Bakewell replying.[13]

The sails hoisted, Shackleton, Worsley and the James Caird set out into the Southern Ocean. Greenstreet and his 21 fellow castaways remained encamped on Elephant Island, and were rescued on 30 August 1916.

Lt Greenstreet, photographed by David Knights-Whittome in 1917

After the end of the expedition and with World War I continuing, Greenstreet was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Inland Water Transport arm of the Royal Engineers in 1917,[14] serving in supply barges on the Tigris in British-occupied Mesopotamia.[15] He married Millie Baddeley Muir in 1917. After the war, Greenstreet chose shore life, working in marine insurance.

He saw active service in World War II as an officer in the Royal Naval Reserve.[16] Greenstreet left command of Admiralty tug Freebooter in January 1942 to become rescue tug equipment officer in charge of the US shipbuilding programme of rescue tugs for the Admiralty under lend-lease.

After the war, he resumed insurance work prior to retirement.[1] His wife Millie died in 1955 and he married Audrey Day.

Worsley, who had chosen Greenstreet on very short notice to join the fateful expedition, repeatedly paid tribute to him in his memoirs. During the first open-boat journey, "Greenstreet was splendid, never losing hope and always ready to crack some appalling sailor-joke."[17] On Elephant Island Worsley's last sight of Greenstreet prior to the Southern Ocean trip was his former First Officer, "cheerfully profane as ever", helping to bag stones to be loaded onto the James Caird as ballast.[18]